It is difficult to imagine the truck's handling, if not for the KamAZ power steering system. The operation of the parts and mechanisms of this device has become familiar to a heavy unit. The assembly assists the user in applying minimal force to turn the steering wheel. In addition, a number of complex functions are performed that affect the safety of the machine.

Each mechanism is subject to wear, which will lead to loss of performance. The hydraulic power steering is no exception, the condition of the node affects other components of the motor. That's why timely maintenance is important to keep your amplifier working.

The weak link in steering is hydraulics. The ingress of air bubbles into the channels of the mechanism can stop the work and create an emergency. In order to respond in time to an emergency situation, an experienced user knows how to pump the power steering on KamAZ and restore functionality.

KAMAZ-5350:

Purpose of the hydraulic power steering

The purpose of the power steering is to minimize the user's applied force to the steering wheel as much as possible. In addition, the operation of the KamAZ power steering affects stability when driving at low speeds. When moving quickly, in order to avoid an emergency, the amplifier creates additional resistance on the steering wheel. This stabilizes the ride on the road and keeps the set course.

The peculiarity of the power steering on a car and other models is that in the event of a breakdown or failure of the mechanism, the control of the machine is not lost, but remains in working order. The only disadvantage is that the user is forced to turn the steering wheel with more force when turning the vehicle.

Power steering device KAMAZ

An amplifier is a set of parts and mechanisms combined into a closed system. The element base is:

• Distributor.

It directs streams of liquid (lubricant) into the branch pipes, channels and cavities of the power steering.

• Volumetric hydraulic motor of reciprocating movement of a cylindrical shape.

The product converts the pressure generated by the oil into a mechanical action of pistons and rods.

• Working lubricant.

The working fluid, which is oil, is poured into the KamAZ power steering. Lubrication transfers power to the hydraulic cylinder from the pump. The material also prevents surface wear, acting as a lubricant and sealant.

• Hydraulic power steering pump KAMAZ-65115, etc.

The mechanism serves as a guarantor that maintains the level of constant pressure necessary for the normal functioning of the system. In addition, the pump constantly moves the lubricant through the cavities and lines of the device.

• Mains and pipes.

Details help to connect and close parts, mechanisms, nodes into one device.

• control block.

The mechanism controls the operation of the system, analyzes and distributes efforts in work areas.

Power steering pump

The pump is referred to the main device of the amplifier, since it creates the pressure of the KamAZ power steering, without which work is not possible. The mechanism is attached in the area of ​​the skeleton of the power plant. The pump is powered by a motor, driven by a gear. The creation of a pressure of lubricant in the system occurs due to the blades with which the pump is equipped. The node per turn of the steering wheel makes 2 cycles of fluid inlet and outlet. You can also read about.

Principle of operation

By turning the wheels of KamAZ-5410 and others, the rotor blades perform rotational movements and are adjacent to the stator. The parts that coincide with each other form passages into which lubricant is supplied and passes further due to the resulting pressure. The resulting pressure pushes the liquid through the bottom valve due to the fact that the oil at the time of the coincidence of the passages of the distribution disk and the surface goes beyond the products.

Power steering pump KAMAZ-65116 and others:

The oil enters the rotor blades after passing through the distribution disc. Due to the pressure, the blades are more strongly adjacent to the stator. The intake and injection of fluid occurs simultaneously in two directions. An increase in rotor speed eliminates the passage of lubricant through a calibrated hole from the area located behind the disk. The resulting pressure acts on the bypass valve, causing it to open. As a result of the valve actuation, part of the working fluid passes through the manifold and again enters the suction surface.

Malfunctions of power steering KamAZ

The advantage of the product is that malfunctions of the KamAZ power steering are manifested due to violations of operation and maintenance. Repair of the mechanism is a rare phenomenon, but if breakdowns occur, it occurs at sub-zero temperatures.

Since the mechanics interacting between devices through hydraulics are involved in the amplifier, the malfunctions are divided:

• Mechanical type;
• Hydraulic type.

Replacing the GUR KamAZ oil seal:

Temperature fluctuations adversely affect the hydraulics of the mechanism. Negative values ​​make the working fluid thick, which increases the load on the seals and seals of the joints of the KamAZ-65222 car, etc. The impact of increased pressure leads to oil leaks.

Violation of the operating rules negatively affect the components and mechanisms of the amplifier. In order to extend the life of the hydraulic booster, it is necessary to correctly approach the operation. So, leaving the car in the parking lot, the wheels of the vehicle are set in a level position. Otherwise, uneven loading of the oil seal will result in damage.

In the warm period, the danger is dirt and dust. The ingress of abrasive particles into the mechanism of KAMAZ and other models leads to increased friction and wear of the surfaces of parts. The impact entails depressurization of the system, wear of bushings, rods and other components.

Moisture seeps into the resulting gaps, causing rust on exposed parts and causing increased wear. The operation of the amplifier with similar problems leads to a knock in the steering rack, after which only the replacement of the KamAZ power steering will help. In order not to take it to the extreme, it is necessary to tune the amplifier in time. Conducted procedures - adjustment and pumping of the device.

Bleeding hydraulic booster KamAZ

In the event that a repair is completed, or the mechanism is filled with liquid, the next mandatory action is pumping the KamAZ power steering. The procedure is performed in order to eliminate air bubbles trapped inside the amplifier. If the air is not eliminated, the efficiency of the hydraulic control will drop sharply.

Scheme of the power steering of the KamAZ car:

Actions performed:

• Raise a car with a KamAZ-740 engine, or another model, so that the wheels of the car hang in the air. To this end, prop the beams on stands.

Important!!!: If at least one wheel is on the surface, the procedure for bleeding the hydraulic power steering is not carried out.

• Carry out the dismantling of the filler plug of the expansion tank neck; Dismantle the rubber lining from the outlet valve. Carry out installation on the vacant place of the rubber tube, dip the free edge of the product into a container with lubricant in an amount of about 1/2 l.;
• Unscrew the transfer valve one second of a turn;
• Turn the steering wheel to the limit to the left, pour lubricant into the expansion tank;
• Start the power plant, let it run at idle. At this time, with the engine running, pour lubricant into the expander tank, without allowing the level to fall. Check that air circles do not come out of the valve tube - close the valve;

• Turn the steering wheel alternately to the right and to the left. Make sure that the steering wheel remains stationary, unscrew the bypass valve 1/2 turn. Check if air bubbles come out. When the air does not flow, turn the valve;
• Repeat the procedure by pumping the power steering in this way as many times as required. A sign of the end of the process is the exit of clean liquid from the free end of the hose without air impurities. If the bubbles continue to come out, the regulation is continued until the complete disappearance of the bubbles;
• Shut off the power plant, remove the pipe, install the cap, diagnose the level of the working fluid in the expansion tank, add oil.

Any force can be practically useless, and sometimes very harmful, if it is not directed where it is needed. So, whatever the power and carrying capacity of the Kama car, it means nothing without normal control. All KamAZ steering can be divided into the main unit-block:

Steering wheel;
- steering column;
- steering gear;
- traction.

In action, it looks something like this. The driver turns the steering wheel, fixed on one side on a shaft passing inside the main pipe of the column. On the other hand, the KamAZ steering column ends with a cardan joint, which allows you to transfer rotation to the next shaft, which is not coaxial with the column shaft. The role of the “next shaft” is most often played by a screw - a part of the steering mechanism, which, rotating, causes the piston to shift to the rail.

It should be noted that on almost all models of Kama cars, it is the KamAZ steering mechanism, and not traction, that is combined with a hydraulic booster system, the very one that allows you to reduce the efforts applied by the driver, and partially levels back impacts (when hitting obstacles or when a wheel is punctured). You can learn more about GUR KAMAZ from other sections on our website.

The displacement of the rack causes the bipod to move, after which the corresponding KamAZ tie rod begins to move, acting on the pivot pins and thereby causing the wheels to turn.

Naturally, the above description is a very simplified version of the processes that occur during the transmission of a command from the steering wheel to the running wheels. Moreover, the steering mechanism may have some differences depending on the model. But, at least, this description will give you an idea of ​​​​how the KamAZ steering control works and “hint” that the failure of any part can lead to a complete failure of this very control.

To prevent this from happening, be sure to follow all the rules of operation and maintenance provided by the manufacturer, and in case of breakage of parts for replacement, use only high-quality components. Such as our company "SpetsMash" offers.

All our products are manufactured according to the technology of the main manufacturer, and before they go on sale, they are tested in the relevant structures, including MADI. You can place an order for the necessary components for KamAZ steering by e-mail, by phone or directly on the website. Cash payment is welcome, however, non-cash forms of payment suit us too. Address delivery in Moscow is negotiated in advance, we send goods to the regions through official carriers.

Steering mechanism KAMAZ

1 1/60434/21 Bolt М8-6gх20
2 1/05166/77 Spring washer 8
3 5320-3401079-01 Front washer

4 864201 O-ring
5 853512 Nut M25x1.5-6H
6 5320-3401373 Spring washer
7 1/21647/21 Nut M10x1.25-6H
8 1/05168/73 Spring washer 10
9 (819705K1) Bearing
9 (819705K1) Bearing
9 5320-3401120 Bearing
10 53212-3400020 Steering gear assembly
11 5320-3401710 Angular gearbox, assy
12 5320-3401090 Bipod
13 853021 Bolt M14x1.5-6gx90
14 251648 Nut M14x1.5-6N OST 37.001.197-75
15 1/07964/01 Split pin 3x20
16 1/13069/21 Bolt M10x1.25-6gx30
17 1/05168/73 Spring washer 10
18 251648 Nut M14x1.5-6N OST 37.001.197-75
19 5320-3401082 Side cover
20 864227 O-ring
21 864204 O-ring
22 862803 Thrust ring
23 5320-3401140 Adjusting washer
24 5320-3401163 Adjusting screw
25 5320-3401176 Thrust washer
26 5320-3401065 Bipod shaft
27 5320-3401015-10 Carter
28 864223 O-ring
29 5320-3401371 bypass valve
30 5320-3401377 Valve cap
31 5320-3401529-10 Lower cover
32 5320-3401076 Crankcase sleeve
33 864141 Cuff
34 862812 Bush thrust ring
35 862509 Thrust washer
36 864145 Seal outer stuffing box
37 5320-3401033 Gland thrust ring
38 2101-2401046 Magnetic plug, assy
39 5320-3401417 Set screw
40 5320-3401411 Rack-piston
41 5320-3401038 Ball nut
42 864707 Blanking ball
43 5320-3401179 Groove ball nut
44 5320-3401415 O-ring sealing rails -porsiya
45 864201 O-ring
46 1/35466/21 Stud M10x1.25x20x35
47 1/21647/21 Nut M10x1.25-6H
48 864207 Steering gear sealing ring
49 5320-3401391 Spacer ring
50 5320-3401361 Steering screw sealing ring
51 5320-3401403 Floating bushing
52 5320-3401359 Screw
53 1/13438/31 Bolt M10x1.25-6gx50
54 379432 Filling
55 258226 Cotter pin
56 4310-3401780 Safety valve adjusting screw cap
57 853034 Bolt M10x1.5-6gx65

Steering gear KAMAZ

1 853310 Stud M10x1.5x20x35
2 864203 Steering gear sealing ring
3 5320-3401791 Sleeve
4 5320-3401717 Gear housing
5 4310-3401751 Drive gear
6 5320-3401753 Adjusting gasket
7 53212-3401737 Drive gear
8 6-205K Bearing
8 6-205K Bearing
8 864709 Ball bearing
9 864213 O-ring
10 4310-3401745 Pinion housing
11 853512 Nut M25x1.5-6H
12 4310-3401741 Protective cover
13 5320-3401740 O-ring
14 862804 Cuff assembly
15 853635 Flat washer 27x34x1
16 5320-3401746 Cuff assembly
17 864113 Cuff 22x34.5 assy
18 853354 Bolt М8-6gх30
19 1/05166/73 Spring washer 8
20 5310-3401721 Housing cover
21 864245 O-ring
22 5320-3401719 Thrust cover
23 864201 O-ring
24 862801 Thrust ring
25 50110 Bearing
25 864705 Bearing
26 5320-3401743 Spacer sleeve
27 110 Bearing
27 864706 Bearing

Steering column KAMAZ

1 5320-3422027 Fork

2 704902K6US10 Needle roller bearing with one outer ring TU 37-006-065-74
2 864710 Needle bearing

3 862806 Ring B 62 GOST 13943-68

4 864202 Steering wheel sealing ring

5 5320-3422039 Cardan shaft cross
6 5320-3422038 Splined fork
7 5320-3422051 O-ring holder
8 5320-3422047 Sealing ring
9 5320-3422049 Thrust ring
10 5320-3422034 Splined yoke assembly
11 5320-3403066 Column mounting flange
12 5320-3402015-01 Steering wheel, assy
13 5320-3402060-10 Top steering wheel cover
14 1/07268/11 Nut M22x1.5-6H
15 862805 Thrust ring
16 5320-3444049 Expanding ring for ball bearing
17 636906С17 Bearing
17 636906С17 Bearing
17 864731 Steering column ball bearing, assy
18 5320-3444032 Column shaft assembly
19 5320-3444022 Column tube assembly
20 5320-3444044 O-ring holder of the steering column, assy
21 853649 Lock washer 27.5
22 853520 Nut M27x1.5-6H

23 1/05166/73 Spring washer 8
24 1/60434/21 Bolt М8-6gх20
25 5320-3444010 Steering column assembly

26 1/05168/73 Spring washer 10
26 1/05168/73 Spring washer 10

27 1/59705/21 Bolt M10x1.25-6gx20
28 1/03892/01 Screw М5-6gх8
29 5320-3402064 Steering wheel cover lower
30 1/32718/01 Screw М4-6gх8
31 1/11953/73 Spring washer 4
32 5320-3403068 Flange cover
33 5320-3403071 Flange cover gasket
34 1/59707/31 Bolt M10x1.25-6gx25
35 5320-3422023 Wedge
36 5320-3422010 Cardan shaft, assy
37 1/61008/11 Nut M8x1.25-6H
38 1/60432/21 Bolt М8-6gх16
39 5320-3403009 Column mounting bracket, assy
40 1/05196/01 Flat washer 8x17
41 1/05166/77 Spring washer 8
42 1/07342/01 Split pin 2x15

During the operation of the car, the working surfaces of the steering parts wear out.

To determine the degree of wear and the nature of the repair of parts, the steering mechanism is disassembled. However, to remove the steering wheel

and rudder bipods use pullers. The main defects of the steering mechanism parts are the wear of the worm and the bipod shaft roller, bushings, bearings and their seats, breaks and cracks on the crankcase mounting flange, wear of the hole in the crankcase for the steering arm shaft bushing and parts of ball joints of steering rods; bending of the rods and loosening of the steering wheel on the shaft.

The worm of the steering mechanism is replaced with significant wear of the working surface or delamination of the hardened layer. The bipod shaft roller is rejected if there are cracks and dents on its surface. Worm and roller are replaced at the same time.

Worn bearing journals of the bipod shaft are restored by chrome plating, followed by grinding to the nominal size. The neck can be restored by grinding to the repair size of the bronze bushings installed in the crankcase. The worn threaded end of the steering arm shaft is restored by vibro-arc surfacing. Previously, the old thread is cut off on a lathe, then metal is deposited, turned to the nominal size and a new thread is cut. The bipod shaft with traces of twisted splines is rejected.

Worn bearing seats in the steering gear housing are restored by setting an additional part. To do this, the hole is bored, then the bushings are pressed in and their inner diameter is machined to fit the size of the bearings.

Breaks and cracks on the crankcase mounting flange are eliminated by welding. Gas welding is used and general heating of the part is carried out. The worn hole in the crankcase for the bushing of the steering arm shaft is deployed to the repair size.

In the steering gear, ball pins and tie rod bearings are subjected to faster wear, tips are less worn. In addition, there is wear on the holes at the ends of the rods, thread stripping, weakening or breakage of the springs, and bending of the rods.

Depending on the nature of wear, the suitability of the tips (assembly) of the tie rod or individual parts is determined. If necessary, the hinged tips are disassembled. To do this, unpin the screw plug, unscrew it from the hole in the thrust head, and remove the parts. Worn ball pins, as well as pins with chips and scuffs, are replaced with new ones. At the same time, new ball pin bushings are installed. Weak or broken springs are replaced with new ones. The developed holes at the ends of the steering rods are welded. The curvature of the steering rod is eliminated by editing in the cold state. Before straightening, the draft is filled with dry fine sand.

Typical malfunctions of hydraulic power steering are the lack of amplification at any engine crankshaft speed, insufficient or uneven amplification when the steering wheel is turned in both directions.

To eliminate defects, the pump is disassembled, the oil is drained, and

parts are washed thoroughly. When disassembling, assembling and repairing the pump, the pump cover and bypass valve assembly, stator, rotor and pump blades should not be depersonalized. Disassemble and assemble the pump in a fixture with a rotary plate.

Disassembly is carried out in the following sequence: remove the tank and filter cover, the tank from the pump housing, the pump cover, holding the safety valve from falling out with a technological pin (the pump shaft is placed vertically and the pulley is at the bottom), then the distribution disk, stator, rotor assembly are removed from the pins with blades, putting a technological rubber ring on it and noting the position of the stator relative to the distribution disk and the pump housing.

The pulley, retaining ring and pump shaft with front bearing are removed only when replacement or repair is necessary.

After disassembly, the parts are washed in a bath with a solution, washed with hot water and blown with compressed air.

During the control, the free movement of the bypass valve in the pump cover, the tightening of the safety valve seat, the absence of scoring or wear on the end surfaces of the rotor, housing and distribution disk are established.

Seizures, risks or uneven wear of the end working surface at the pump housing and at the distribution disc are not allowed. This surface must be flat and perpendicular to the axis of the ball and needle bearing bore. Permissible deviations are set by the technical conditions.

After assembly, it is recommended to run the pump on the stand. After running in, the power steering pump is tested for performance and the maximum pressure developed by it. The mode and sequence of running-in and tests are specified in the technical specifications. During the pump test, it is determined whether there are vibrations, shocks and harsh noises. The pressure should build up smoothly. The oil in the tank should not foam or leak through the joints and the sealing gland.

After repair and control of parts, the steering gear is assembled, adjusted and tested with the hydraulic booster assembly.

Checking and adjusting the play of the GUR KAMAZ is necessarily carried out when the engine is in the off state. The tie rod must also be disengaged. Steps taken during this process:

• wheel balancing is checked, the level of air pressure inside the wheels;
• steering rods, wheel bearings are inspected, shock absorbers are checked;
• the oil content inside the pump reservoir is checked - the presence of air is unacceptable, oil leaks and sediment are also not allowed.

How to check power steering KAMAZ

First, it is necessary to assess the condition of the wheel balance, the air pressure inside the tires, the regulation of the wheel bearings, and the functioning of the shock absorbers.

Be sure to check the oil content inside the pump tank. You need to make sure that there is no air and dirt inside. It also checks for oil leakage.

The force of the steering wheel is measured by a dynamometer attached to the wheel rim in three versions relative to the position of the latter:

1. When the steering wheel is turned more than two turns from the middle position, the force on it should be between 5.9 and 15.7 Newtons. In this situation, the engagement with the ball screw pair is located in a position that is close to the extreme, with an almost complete exclusion of friction, and is determined mainly through the friction moment of the bearings for the thrust and power steering seals by the magnitude of the force. When the force of the wheel rim does not match the specified value, this gives grounds to ascertain incorrect (too strong or too weak) tightening of the screw bearings or indicates damage to the ball nut. If the tightening is insufficient, the directional stability of the car deteriorates, and in case of excessive tightening, in addition to damaging the ball nut, the steering mechanism jams.
2. When said wheel is turned three-quarters of a turn from the middle position, the force must not exceed 22.6 and be not less than 19.6 Newtons. In this position, friction takes place in the ball screw and is caused by preload. In the case when the force deviates from the above figures, damage to this pair can be stated.
3. When this wheel is in the middle position, the force on it should be 3.9-5.9 Newtons higher than that obtained in the case of measurement in the 2nd position described above, but also should not exceed 21.8 Newtons. In such a situation, the regulation of the gearing of the power steering is checked. When the force is insufficient compared to the above value, the gap in the engagement exceeds the allowable level, and when it exceeds this value, this indicates an excessive tightness of the clutch, which leads, among many reasons, to unsatisfactory independent return of the wheels to the center position. When the forces in the above positions do not meet the described values, the hydraulic booster should be adjusted.

Pressure adjustment in KAMAZ power steering

It is necessary to start this operation by determining the force in the 3rd of the above positions. Using the adjusting screw, it is required to bring the force back to normal. When this screw is rotated in a clockwise direction, the force increases and vice versa.

To adjust the force in the 1st position, it is necessary to partially disassemble the steering mechanism to tighten or loosen the nut used to attach the bearings. In order to eliminate the factors causing the discrepancy between the force and the norm, in the 2nd position, it is necessary to completely disassemble the power steering.

When checking the pressure in the power steering in the section of the pressure line located between the steering mechanism and the pump, you should use a device that includes a pressure gauge, the scale of which reaches 9810 kPa, as well as a valve that stops the flow of oil to the power steering.

When checking the pressure, you need to open the valve, then turn the steering wheel to a stop position and apply at least 98.1 newtons to it. The oil pressure in the case when the crankshaft rotates at a frequency of 600 rpm should be at least 7355 kPa.

When the oil pressure is less than 7355 kPa, slowly close the valve, observing the level of pressure increase with a pressure gauge. When the pump is in good condition, it should increase and be at least 8336 kPa.