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This article will focus on an electroshock device for civil self-defense. The author of this homemade product is AKA KASYAN.

Attention! The author does not recommend this device for repetition and does not bear any responsibility for your actions. The use and illegal trafficking of a homemade electroshock device is punishable by law!

Well, now, without wasting any time, let’s get to work. The device diagram is now in front of you:

This is a diagram of a classic stun gun. The voltage from the power source is supplied to the boost converter circuit, the output of which is a high voltage of high frequency. This voltage is rectified to DC by a diode rectifier and accumulated in a capacitor. When the voltage on the capacitor is higher than the breakdown voltage of the spark gap or spark gap, the entire capacitance of the capacitor is discharged through the air breakdown onto the primary winding of the high-voltage coil. On the secondary winding of the same coil we get a discharge with a voltage of about 50,000 V and higher (it all depends on the parameters of the coil).

It turned out crooked, but it will not affect the work in any way. And if you want your homemade boards to look like factory ones, then you should order them from the factory.

It is important to note that shocks cannot cause injury. They only cause painful shock, disorientation and muscle spasms that do not last long. Such a shocker is not capable of causing harm to health. It is this electric shock device circuitry that is used all over the world for the construction of both civilian and police electric shock devices. The power of this particular option ranges from 7 to 10 W. The shocker has a two-position switch. The first mode is removing the safety lock. In this case, the red indicator LED lights up. Once you press the button, the shocker will start to crackle.

The second position is to activate the flashlight. It is not shown on the diagram.

Frame. The 3D model of the case was developed by Dima from the YouTube channel “Household Dialogue”.

All that remains is to print the body on a 3D printer. The thickness of the walls is chosen so that the shocker is not afraid of blows and falls; in general, it can be safely used as a baton. The handle is comfortable, with grooves for fingers. The device's start button is hidden under the index finger. The color of the case is not the most suitable, but that’s what the author printed. Well, now let's move on to the filling.

Power supply- lithium ion.

Two series-connected banks of the 18650 standard. This homemade product uses batteries from a laptop battery. It is these banks that can be discharged with currents of about 5A, but before installation the author conducted several experiments, during which it turned out that they calmly tolerate 7-8A of discharge current and up to 15A within 20 seconds. And so the author advises using these batteries, they are high-current, designed for vaping, and can be discharged with currents of 20-30A.

With the battery, I think everything is clear. It is only worth adding that the author removed the factory coating and replaced it with heat-resistant tape for reliability, and then connected the cans with nickel tape using resistance welding - everything is as it should be.

The battery is ready. A battery protection system is of course necessary. But it so happened that the author found a board with protection for two 3A lithium-ion cans based on the HY2120 chip, and our circuit consumes much more.

The author, of course, tried to increase the protection current of this thing. For this, he developed his own board, raising the protection current to 6A, but this was not enough. Therefore, a battery without any protection and balancing boards is bad, so the author has already ordered a board with the required current. In the meantime, we will have a relay as protection that will not work if the battery is discharged below 6V.

High voltage converter.

This is a push-pull boost converter of the self-oscillator type, built on the basis of powerful field-effect transistors. The shocker is equipped with a safety lock. To avoid accidental switching on, you first need to turn on the device (the fuse removal indicator lights up), then press the button and the circuit starts.

Very often, homemade shockers use a starting system based on a regular button, but the author always used a relay. The fact is that the circuit consumes colossal currents from the power source, and finding compact buttons with a current of more than 10A is very problematic. Therefore, a low-power button is used, pressing which supplies power to the relay coil.

The relay closes and the main power supply now flows through the relay contacts. The relay coil voltage depends on the power source. An ordinary 12-volt relay of this type works perfectly from a 6-7V source.

But if possible, install a relay with a coil voltage of 6V. The relay contacts are designed for a current of 20A.

Switch.

Finding a compact switch with a current of 10-20A is not a problem. There is a very ordinary switch here, you can even find these in computer power supplies. The converter circuit, as mentioned earlier, is built on the basis of two field switches.

In this case, the transistors are irfz44. The key gates are shunted to ground with resistors.

This helps the keys to some extent close by discharging the bolt. Zener diodes are used to protect the gates from overvoltage. They need to be taken with a stabilization voltage from 6.2V to 12V, preferably one-watt.

Take gate limiting resistors with a resistance from 330 Ohm to 1 kOhm. There is no need to place the keys on the radiator, since the shocker is intended for short-term operation. Before assembly, ensure that all components are in good working order. And most importantly, check the transistors for authenticity, otherwise they may fail upon first startup.

The inductor is wound on a compact core made of powdered iron. Wire 0.85 mm. The number of turns can vary from 12 to 20. The dimensions of the ring are not critical; they can be found in the output parts of switching power supplies, located after the rectifiers.

Pulse transformer.

How to wind it is shown in this video:

Here it is a full-fledged full-wave, in other words, an ordinary diode bridge. It is built on high-voltage diode columns of the Soviet model KTs106G, but there are a lot of imported analogues.

Diodes must be designed for a reverse voltage from 6,000 to 10,000V, a current of at least 10 mA, and must be able to operate at frequencies of 20 kilohertz or more.

The storage capacitor is a film capacitor, designed for a voltage of 1600-2000V, a capacity from 0.15 to 0.47 µF (the larger the capacitance, the less frequent the discharges, but the more joules in one discharge).

A high-resistance resistor is connected in parallel to this capacitor to discharge the capacitors after the shocker is turned off.

In this case there are 3 discharge resistors. They are connected in series, the resistance of each lies in the range from 3.3 to 7 MOhm. This chain is hidden under heat shrink.

Spark gap.

Essentially, this is an air gap through which the capacitor's capacitance is discharged onto the primary winding of the high-voltage coil. A spark gap is needed with a breakdown voltage of 1000-1500V. The necessary arresters can be bought or picked out from xenon ignition blocks, but the arresters there are usually 350-400V. In order to obtain a spark gap for the required voltage, the author connected several pieces in series.

High voltage coil.

For any person, the issue of protecting oneself and loved ones is quite acute. And although the market offers many options for solving it, not every one of them can suit you, and this entails the need to look for ways to resolve it yourself. One of the good options for ensuring your own safety is an electric shocker, which other craftsmen manage to make at home.

The concept of "electric shocker"

A stun gun is a special electrical device used as a self-defense weapon to stop or neutralize an attacking person or animal by delivering a high-power electrical discharge. Such a discharge causes numbness in the aggressor’s muscles and a strong pain effect, which paralyzes the attacker for some time. This device is produced in different shapes, capacities and price categories. Persons who have reached the age of majority are allowed to purchase and carry a stun gun with a power of up to 3 W, without the need to present any additional documents, certificates or permits. More powerful devices are intended for special services.

The most reliable are, naturally, factory-assembled devices, but people who are well versed in radio engineering can try to make a stun gun with their own hands, since there are plenty of manuals and diagrams, and getting the necessary parts is also not difficult.

Parts required to assemble a stun gun

The main part of the device is a voltage converter made in accordance with the blocking generator circuit. In this case, one field-effect transistor with reverse conductivity of the IRF3705 brand is used (you can take a transistor IRFZ44, IRFZ46, IRFZ48 or IRL3205). It is also necessary to ensure the presence of a 100 Ohm gate resistor with a declared power of 0.5-1 W, high-voltage capacitors with a capacity of 0.1-0.22 μF (for series connection of two 630 V capacitors) and with an operating voltage above 1000 V, a spark gap ( industrial or homemade from two pieces of wire 0.8 mm thick placed one above the other, with a gap of 1 mm), rectifier diode KTs106. If you have all the necessary components, the task of how to make a stun gun will not cause any difficulties for a true craftsman.

How to make a transformer correctly

To assemble the converter, you need to properly make its main component - the step-up transformer. To do this, take, for example, a core from a switching power supply. Having carefully freed it from the old winding, carefully wind the new one. The primary winding is made with a wire with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 mm, applying 12 turns and moving away from the middle (wind 6 turns, twist the wire, make another 6 turns in the same direction). Then you need to insulate it with transparent tape, making 5 layers of it. A secondary winding is placed on top, making 600 turns with a wire with a diameter of 0.08-0.1 mm, applying two layers of adhesive tape for insulation every 50 turns. This will protect the transformer from breakdowns. Both windings are made strictly in the same direction. For better insulation, you can fill the entire structure with epoxy resin. A wire with stranded insulated wires must be soldered to the terminals from the secondary winding. It is recommended to place the resulting transistor on an aluminum heat sink.

The procedure for assembling a homemade stun gun

After manufacturing the converter, it is tested by assembling a circuit that does not include the high-voltage part. If the transformer is assembled correctly, the output will be a “burning current”. Then the voltage multiplier is soldered. Capacitors are selected with a voltage of at least 3 kV and a capacity of 4700 pF. The diodes in the multiplier are high-voltage ones, grade KTs106 (these are found in multipliers from old Soviet TVs).

By connecting the multiplier with the converter according to the circuit, you can turn on the resulting device, the arc should be 1-2 cm with the required characteristics and fairly loud clicks with a frequency of 300-350 Hz should be heard.

As a power source, you can use a lithium-ion battery, as in mobile phones (their capacity must be at least 600 mA), or nickel batteries with a voltage of 1.2 V. The capacity of such batteries should be enough for two minutes of continuous operation of the device with output power up to 7 W and voltage across the arresters more than 10 kV.

Mount the circuit in some suitable plastic case, covering the high-voltage section of the circuit with silicone for reliability. You can use a cut fork, nails or screws as bayonets. The circuit must also contain a switch and a non-latching button to prevent accidental switching on. As can be seen from the above, assembling a high-quality, reliable and powerful device requires quite serious skills, therefore, first of all, people versed in radio electronics should think about how to make a stun gun on their own.

How to make a stun gun from a battery

If you need a simpler way to assemble a stun gun, you can literally make it from available radio parts. To do this you will need: a regular nine-watt Krona battery, a transformer (it can be taken from the mains adapter or charger), an ebonite rod 30-40 centimeters long. A do-it-yourself stun gun is assembled as follows: two pieces of steel wire about 5 cm long are attached to the end of the ebonite rod using electrical tape, connected by wires to a transformer and a Krona battery. The battery is connected to the two-pin terminal of the transformer (where a current of 6-9 V comes out). A small push-button switch is attached to the other end of the rod, when pressed, a high-voltage arc appears between the steel antennae (it jumps at the moment when the circuit with the battery in the small winding opens, that is, to create a visible arc you need to press the switch 25 times per second ). Despite the high voltage created in this design, the current strength will be very small, so such a stun gun can become more of a means of intimidation than protection.

How to make a stun gun from an electric lighter

If you know how to make a stun gun, then a small, low-power intimidation device can be assembled using a simple electric lighter for gas stoves. How to make a mini stun gun using it is described below.

In addition to the electric lighter itself, you will need a metal clip and glue, as well as a soldering iron, and everything you need for soldering. First of all, they disassemble it and cut off the tube using a metal blade, leaving only the handle with two wires sticking out. They are cut with wire cutters to a protruding length of 1-2 cm. Having exposed the wires and treated them with flux, two pieces cut from a metal clip are soldered to them. The antennae are bent slightly with pliers and glued to insulate the entire finished design glue on the front. Such a shocker is low-power and is not suitable for serious self-defense.

Stun gun made from electric lighters for gas stoves

Knowing the structure of electric lighters and having a little understanding of radio technology, you can understand how to make a stun gun from a lighter. To do this, you need to take four electric lighters (more precisely, high-voltage coils and converter boards), three AA batteries or accumulators, a flashlight body or a tube with a diameter of 25 mm. Craftsmen suggest connecting these parts together, adding arresters and a switch to the circuit, which will allow you to assemble a stun gun with your own hands without much hassle. Each of the transformers is connected to two separate contacts, and the entire contents are placed in a plastic case. It is assumed that with this method of assembly, four flashes should be produced simultaneously on the spark gaps.

Film camera stun gun

To figure out how to make a stun gun with your own hands, you can remember an old unnecessary film camera - a “soap box”. It can be converted into a device that produces one-fourth the energy of a professional shocker. To do this, you need to unscrew the camera, remove the batteries and find a small flash bulb. After this, it is disconnected from the wires, and in place of the flash, two pieces of copper wire - with a thick layer of insulation and 8-10 cm long - are connected to these wires using soldering. You need to make sure that these wires protruding from the camera do not touch. The batteries are placed in place, and after the manipulations have been done, the camera body is insulated with some kind of plastic coating so that only the dischargers in the form of copper antennae and the flash and shutter buttons are visible from it. Now, when releasing the shutter, you can get sparks on the arrester wires.

Thus, there are several ways to make a stun gun at home, it all depends on your knowledge of radio engineering, skill and available source material. When working, it is imperative to observe safety precautions, since the work is mainly associated with high voltage and power electric current.

Technical characteristics of homemade stun gun
- voltage on the electrodes - 10 kV,
- pulse frequency up to 10 Hz,
- voltage 9 V. (Krona battery),
- weight no more than 180 g.

Device design:

The device is a generator of high-voltage voltage pulses connected to electrodes and placed in a housing made of dielectric material. The generator consists of 2 series-connected voltage converters (Scheme in Fig. 1). The first converter is an asymmetrical multivibrator based on transistors VT1 and VT2. It is turned on by button SB1. The load of transistor VT1 is the primary winding of transformer T1. The pulses taken from its secondary winding are rectified by the diode bridge VD1-VD4 and charge the battery of storage capacitors C2-C6. The voltage of capacitors C2-C6 when the button SB2 is turned on is the supply for the second converter on the trinistor VS2. Charging capacitor C7 through resistor R3 to the switching voltage of the dinistor VS1 leads to the switching off of the trinistor VS2. In this case, the battery of capacitors C2-C6 is discharged onto the primary winding of transformer T2, inducing a high voltage pulse in its secondary winding. Since the discharge is oscillatory in nature, the polarity of the voltage on the battery C2-C6 is reversed, after which it is restored due to redischarge through the primary winding of transformer T2 and diode VD5. When capacitor C7 is recharged again to the switching voltage of the dinistor VD1, the thyristor VS2 is turned on again and the next high voltage pulse is formed at the output electrodes.

All elements are installed on a board made of foiled fiberglass, as shown in Fig. 2. Diodes, resistors and capacitors are installed vertically. The body can be any suitable sized box made of material that does not allow electricity to pass through.

The electrodes are made of steel needles up to 2 cm long - for access to the skin through human clothing or animal fur. The distance between the electrodes is at least 25 mm.

The device does not require adjustment and operates reliably only with correctly wound transformers. Therefore, follow the rules for their manufacture: transformer T1 is made on a ferrite ring of standard size K10 * 6 * 3 or K10 * 6 * 5 from ferrite grade 2000NN, its winding I contains 30 turns of PEV-20.15 mm wire, and winding II - 400 turns PEV-20.1 mm. The voltage on its primary winding should be 60 volts. The T2 transformer is wound on a frame made of ebonite or plexiglass with an internal diameter of 8 mm, an external diameter of 10 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a jaw diameter of 25 mm. The magnetic core is a section of a ferrite rod for a magnetic antenna 20 mm long and 8 mm in diameter.

Winding I contains 20 turns of PESH (PEV-2) wire - 0.2 mm, and winding II - 2600 turns of PEV-2 with a diameter of 0.07-0.1 mm. First, winding II is wound onto the frame, through each layer of which a varnished fabric gasket is placed (otherwise a breakdown may occur between the turns of the secondary winding), and then the primary winding is wound on top of it. The secondary winding leads are carefully insulated and connected to the electrodes.

List of necessary elements for self-assembly stun gun:
C1 - 0.047 µF;
C2...C6 - 200uF*50V;
C7 - 3300pF;
R1 – 2.7 kOhm;
R2 - 270 MOhm;
R3 - 1 MOhm;
VT1 - K1501;
VT2 - K1312;
VS1 - KH102B;
VS2 - KU111;
VD1...VD5 - KD102A;
VS1 and VS2 - P2K (independent, fixed).

Application:

If there is a perceived threat to your safety or in advance, press the VS1 button, after which the device begins charging, at which time there is no voltage on the electrodes.

After 1-2 minutes, the electric shock will be fully charged and ready for use. The readiness state is maintained for several hours, then the battery gradually discharges.

Several simple options for proven and working circuits of electric lamps made and designed by yourself. Stun guns come in two basic configurations: straight and L-shaped. There is no substantiated evidence as to which form is better. Some prefer L-shaped ones, because they think that with such a shocker it is easier to touch the enemy. Others choose straight ones, as they give maximum freedom of movement, relatively short or long, reminiscent of a police baton.

Each stun gun circuit and its design are examined in detail, and possible ways to upgrade existing devices are described.

It is associated not only with pain from electric shock. The high voltage accumulated in the shocker, when the arc comes into contact with the skin, is converted into alternating electrical voltage with a specially calculated frequency, forcing the muscles in the contact area to contract extremely quickly. This abnormal muscle overactivity causes rapid breakdown of the blood sugar that feeds the muscles. In other words, the muscles in the contact zone lose their functionality for some time. At the same time, the impulses block the activity of the nerve fibers through which the brain controls these muscles.

Among the popular means of self-defense, stun guns are far from in last place, especially in terms of the strength of their psychological and paralytic effect on the bandit. However, normal industrial designs are quite expensive, which pushes radio amateurs to make stun guns with their own hands.

R1 - 2.2kR2 - 91 OmR3 - 10 mOmR4 - 430 OmC1 - 0.1 x 600VC2 and C3 - 470pf x 25kD1 - kd510D2,3,4 - d247
T1 - on a Ш5x5 core with a magnetic permeability of M 2000 NN or a suitable ferrite ring. Windings I and II - 25 turns of 0.25 mm PEV-2 wire each. Winding III contains 1600 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.07 mm.
T2 on a ring K40x25x11 or K38x24x7 made of M2000 NN ferrite with a sawn gap of 0.8 mm. It is possible without a gap on a ring made of pressed permalloy brands MP140, MP160. Winding I - 3 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm. Winding II - 130 turns of MGTF wire. The terminals of this winding should be spaced as far apart as possible. After winding, the transformer must be impregnated with varnish or paraffin.

Diagram of the stun gun "Thunder"

The operation of the generator is checked by measuring the voltage at points “A”. Then, by pressing a button, a high-voltage discharge appears. The arrester contacts can be of different designs: flat, sharp, etc. The distance between them is no more than 12 mm. 1000 Volts penetrates 0.5 mm of air.

The device is a generator of high-voltage voltage pulses connected to electrodes and placed in a housing made of dielectric material. The generator consists of 2 series-connected voltage converters (Scheme in Fig. 1). The first converter is an asymmetrical multivibrator based on transistors VT1 and VT2. It is turned on by button SB1. The load of transistor VT1 is the primary winding of transformer T1. The pulses taken from its secondary winding are rectified by the diode bridge VD1-VD4 and charge the battery of storage capacitors C2-C6. The voltage of capacitors C2-C6 when the button SB2 is turned on is the supply for the second converter on the trinistor VS2. Charging capacitor C7 through resistor R3 to the switching voltage of the dinistor VS1 leads to the switching off of the trinistor VS2. In this case, the battery of capacitors C2-C6 is discharged onto the primary winding of transformer T2, inducing a high voltage pulse in its secondary winding. Since the discharge is oscillatory in nature, the polarity of the voltage on the battery C2-C6 is reversed, after which it is restored due to redischarge through the primary winding of transformer T2 and diode VD5. When capacitor C7 is recharged again to the switching voltage of the dinistor VD1, the thyristor VS2 is turned on again and the next high voltage pulse is formed at the output electrodes.

All elements are installed on a board made of foiled fiberglass, as shown in Fig. 2. Diodes, resistors and capacitors are installed vertically. The body can be any suitable sized box made of material that does not allow electricity to pass through.

The electrodes are made of steel needles up to 2 cm long - for access to the skin through human clothing or animal fur. The distance between the electrodes is at least 25 mm.

The device does not require adjustment and operates reliably only with correctly wound transformers. Therefore, follow the rules for their manufacture: transformer T1 is made on a ferrite ring of standard size K10 * 6 * 3 or K10 * 6 * 5 from ferrite grade 2000NN, its winding I contains 30 turns of PEV-20.15 mm wire, and winding II - 400 turns PEV-20.1 mm. The voltage on its primary winding should be 60 volts. The T2 transformer is wound on a frame made of ebonite or plexiglass with an internal diameter of 8 mm, an external diameter of 10 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a jaw diameter of 25 mm. The magnetic core is a section of a ferrite rod for a magnetic antenna 20 mm long and 8 mm in diameter.

Winding I contains 20 turns of PESH (PEV-2) wire - 0.2 mm, and winding II - 2600 turns of PEV-2 with a diameter of 0.07-0.1 mm. First, winding II is wound onto the frame, through each layer of which a varnished fabric gasket is placed (otherwise a breakdown may occur between the turns of the secondary winding), and then the primary winding is wound on top of it. The secondary winding leads are carefully insulated and connected to the electrodes.

List of elements: C1 - 0.047 µF; C2...C6 - 200uF*50V; C7 - 3300pF; R1 - 2.7 kOhm; R2 - 270 MOhm; R3 - 1 MOhm; VT1 - K1501; VT2 - K1312; VS1 - KH102B; VS2 - KU111; VD1...VD5 - KD102A; VS1 and VS2 - P2K (independent, fixed).

Application: If there is a perceived threat to your safety or in advance, press the VS1 button, after which the device begins charging, at this time there is no voltage on the electrodes.

After 1-2 minutes, the electric shock will be fully charged and ready for use. The readiness state is maintained for several hours, then the battery gradually discharges.

At a moment when the danger is beyond doubt, you need to touch the attacker's bare skin and press the VS2 button.

Having received a series of high-voltage blows, the attacker is in a state of shock and horror for several minutes, and is incapable of active action, which gives you a chance to either escape or neutralize the attacker.

The Sword-1 self-defense device is used against a hooligan or robber. When turned on, "Sword-1" emits a loud siren sound, generates dazzling flashes of light, and touching it to open areas of the body results in a strong electric shock (but not fatal!).

Description of the circuit diagram: A siren generator is made on the D1 chip, transistors VT1-VT5. The multivibrator on elements D1.1, D1.2 produces rectangular pulses with a period of 2-3 seconds, which, after integration by the chain R2, R5, R6, C2 through resistor R7, modulate the resistance E-K transistor VT1, which causes a frequency deviation of the tone multivibrator on elements D1.3, D1.4. The siren signal from the output of element D1.4 goes to the output of a key power amplifier assembled on transistors VT2-VT5 (composite, with a gain of 750).

The voltage converter for powering the flash lamp and electric discharger is a blocking generator with an increased secondary winding, assembled on elements VT6, T1, R12, C4. It converts 3V DC voltage to 400V AC. Diodes VD1 and VD2 rectify this voltage, electric discharge capacitors C6, C7 and flash capacitor C8 are charged. At the same time, the capacitor of the flash ignition circuit C5 is charged. The neon lamp H1 lights up when the flash is ready. When you press button S3, capacitor C5 is discharged through the primary winding of transformer T2, and a voltage pulse of 5-10 kV appears on its secondary winding, igniting the flash lamp VL1 (flash energy 8.5 J).

“Sword-1” is powered by 4 A-316 elements or 4 CPU K-0.4 5 batteries. In this case, the voltage converter is turned on by switch S2, and the siren by S1.

Transformers

T1 - Armor core B18 made of ferrite 2000NM (without gap). First, a step-up winding V-VI is wound onto the frame turn to turn - 1350 turns of PEV-2 wire = 0.07 mm with insulation with paraffin thin paper every 450 turns. A double layer of paraffin paper is laid on top of the step-up winding, then the windings are wound: I-II - 8 turns PEV-2 = 3 mm. III-IV - 6 turns PEV-2 = 0.3 mm. It is permissible to use a B14 core, made of 2000NM ferrites.
T2 - Rod core =2.8mm L=18mm made of 2000NM ferrite. Brushes made of cardboard, textolite, etc. are attached to the core. material, then wrapped in two layers of varnished cloth. First, step-up winding III-IV is wound - 200 turns PELSHO = 0.1 mm (after 100 turns - insulation with two layers of varnished fabric). Then on top of it is the primary winding I-II - 20 turns of wire PEV-2 = 0.3 mm. Pin 4 of the transformer is connected with a wire in good insulation (MGTF, etc.) to the igniting electrode of the flash lamp VL1. When using parts indicated in brackets or other suitable ones, the dimensions of the device may increase.

Most of the Sword-1 parts are mounted on a single-sided printed circuit board (A1) made of foiled glass PCB. Resistors R4, R10, R11 are installed horizontally on the board, all others are installed vertically. Diodes VD1, VD2 are soldered first, since they are located under the horizontal transistor VT6.

Assembled without errors, "Sword-1" does not need adjustment. Before turning on the power, you must carefully check the correct installation. After this, switch S1 supplies power to the siren and checks its operation. By turning off the siren and turning on SA1, make sure that the voltage converter is working (a quiet whistle should appear). Using trimming resistor R15, the indicator lamp lights up when the voltage on capacitor C8 = 340 volts.

Lack of generation or low output voltage indicates incorrect connection of the windings of transformer T1 or an interturn short circuit. In the first case, you need to swap terminals 3 and 4 of the transformer. In the second case, rewind T1.

When the converter is running and capacitor C8 is charged (indicator H1 is lit), pressing button S3 causes flash lamp VL1 to flash. There will be no flash when pins 1 and 2 of transformer T2 are turned back on or when there is an interturn short circuit. The leads should be swapped, and if this does not help, the transformer should be rewinded.

Structurally, "Sword-1" is made of impact-resistant polystyrene with dimensions of 114x88x34 mm. At the end of the housing there is a reflector window for the VL1 flash lamp and spark gap electrodes (see figure). The arrester consists of an insulating base (plexiglass, polystyrene) 28 mm high and two metal electrodes XS1 and XS2 protruding 3 mm above it. The distance between the electrodes is 10 mm. Switches S1, S2 and button S3 are located on the side surface of the case, and the indicator eye H1 is also located there. The holes for sound from the BA1 speaker are covered with a decorative grille.

The "Sword" device is a variant of the "Sword-1" device and differs from the latter in the absence of a siren generator, power supply from 2 A316 elements and smaller dimensions. The schematic diagram of the "Sword" is shown in Fig. 2. The basis of the circuit is a voltage converter, completely identical to the Sword-1 converter. Those “Sword” elements, the designations of which in the diagram do not coincide with the “Sword-1” diagram, are given in the “Details” section in square brackets, before the designation of the “Sword-1” elements. For example, VT6 KT863A (or KT829).

Here it is an element of the “Sword” circuit, and VT6 is an element of the “Sword-1” circuit.

The Sword parts are mounted on a printed circuit board. The batteries are located on the board between contact plates made of springy metal.

The device body has dimensions of 98x62x28 mm. Location of electrodes, buttons, etc. similar to the location on "Sword-1".

Resistors (MLT-0.125) R1, R5, R7 - 100 Kom; R2 - 200 Kom; R3, R4 - 3.3 Kom; R6, R9 - 56 Kom; R8, R16 - 1.0 Mom; R10, R11 - 3.3 Kom; R12 - 300 ohm; R13 - 240 Kom; R14 - 510 Com.

Construction resistor R15 - SPZ-220 1.0 Mom.

Indicator H1 - IN-35 (any neon).

Dynamic head BA1 - 1GDSH-6 (any with R=4-8 ohms, power > 0.5 W).

Pulse lamp VL1 - FP2-0.015 with reflector. (or IFK-120).

Capacitors C1, C2 - K50-6 16V 1.0 MKf; C3 - KT-1 2200 Pf; C4 - K50-1 50V 1 MKF; C5 - K73-24 250V 0.068 MKF; C6, C7 - K50-35 160V 22 MF; C8 - K50-1.7 400V 150 MF.

Chip D1 - K561LA7 (or K561LE5).

Diodes VD1, VD2 - KD105V (or KTs111A).

Transistors VT1 - KT315G; VT2, VT4 - KT973A; VT3, VT5 - KT972A; VT6 - KT863A (or KT829A).

Schematic diagram. The siren generator is assembled on the DD1 chip. The generation frequency of the generator on DD1.3-DD1.4 changes smoothly. This change is set by the generator on DD1.1-DD1.2, VT1:VT4 - power amplifier. A converter for powering the flash lamp is assembled using transistors VT5-VT6. The generation frequency is about 15 kHz. VD1-VD2 - high voltage rectifier: C6 - storage capacitor. The voltage on it after charging is about 380 Volts.

Construction and details.

KD212A diodes can be replaced with KD226.

Instead of K561LA7, you can use 564LA7, K561LN2 microcircuits, but with a change in the printed circuit board design.

KT361G can be replaced with KT3107 with any letter indices.

KT315G can be replaced with KT342, KT3102 with any letter indices.

Instead of 0.5 GDSh-1, you can install any one with a winding resistance of 4:8 Ohm; it is advisable to choose small-sized ones with higher efficiency.

MP7 buttons or similar.

FP lamp - 0.015 - from the camera kit<Эликон>; you can use IFK80, IFK120, but they have large dimensions.

C1, C2 - brand K53-1, C3-C5 - brand KM-5 or KM-6, C7 - brand K73-17, C6 - brand K50-17-150.0 uF x 400 V. C5 is soldered to pin R7.

Transformer Tr1 is made on an armored ferrite core M2000NM with an outer diameter of 22 mm, an inner diameter of 9 mm and a height of 14 mm, the number of winding turns: I - 2x2 turns PEV-2-0.15; II - 2x8 turns PEV-2-0.3; III - 500 turns PEV-2-0.15. The order of winding the windings is III - II - I.

Tr2 is made on a core with a diameter of 3 mm, a length of 10 mm from the contour coils of the radio receiver: I winding - 10 turns PEV-2-0.2; II - 600 turns PEV-2-0.06. The order of winding the windings is II - I. All windings of the transformer are insulated with a layer of varnished cloth.

The length of the pin part of the arrester is about 20 mm, and the distance between the pins is the same.

Transformers VT5-VT6 are mounted on a 15x15x2 copper plate.

A printed circuit board with parts is installed in a homemade polystyrene case.

Buttons Kn1:Kn3 are fixed in a convenient place on the body.

1. By pressing the Kn1 button, turn on the siren, which sounds at a sufficient volume.

2. By pressing the Kn2 button and holding it pressed for several seconds, the storage capacitor is charged, after which you can:

a - by pressing the Kn3 button, get a powerful flash of light. b - by touching the bare electrodes<Р>to the body of the bully to cause him an electric shock until he loses consciousness.

The scheme, as a rule, starts working immediately. The only operation that may be required is the selection of resistors R7, R8. At the same time, a minimum charging time for capacitor C6 is achieved at an acceptable current consumption, which is within 1 A.

The device consumes significant current during operation, so after using it you need to check the batteries and, if necessary, replace them.

It is necessary to remember to observe safety measures when assembling and operating the device - there is a high potential at the output electrodes of the spark gap.

The high-voltage generator (VG) consists of a powerful push-pull VT1, VT2 self-oscillating converter (AG) 9-400 V; rectifier VD3-VD7; storage capacitor C; discharge pulse former on a unijunction transistor VT3; switch VS n high voltage pulse transformers T2a, T2b.

The pocket version of the VG is assembled on two printed circuit boards, placed one above the other with the components facing inward. T1 is made on the M1500NMZ 28x16x9 ring. Winding W2 is wound first (400 turns D 0.01) and carefully insulated. Then windings W1a, W1b (10 turns D 0.5) and the base winding Wb (5 turns D 0.01) are wound. T2a (T2b) is made on a 400NN ferrite rod, 8-10 cm long, D 0.8 cm. The rod is pre-insulated, winding W2a (W2b) is wound on top, containing 800-1000 turns D 0.01 and carefully insulated. Windings W1a and W1b (10 turns D 1.0 each) are wound in antiphase. To prevent electrical breakdown, high-voltage transformers are filled with epoxy resin!

Parameter optimization:

The charging power of capacitor C is limited by the maximum power developed (short-term!) by the power supply P = U1I1 (U1=9B, I1=1A), the maximum permissible average current VD3-VD7 I2=CU2/2Tp and VT1-VT2 I1=N1I2. The energy accumulated at the output of the AP E = CU22/2 is determined by the capacitance C (1-10 μF) with acceptable dimensions and operating voltage U2 = N1U1, N1 = W2/W1.

The discharge pulse period Tr = RpCp must be greater than the charge constant Тз = RC.

R limits the AP pulse current I2u = U2/R, I1u = N1I2u.

The voltage of the high-voltage pulse is determined by the ratio of turns T2a (T2b) Uвu = 2n2U2, n2 = w2/w1.

The smallest number of turns w1 is limited by the maximum pulse current VS Ii = U2(2G/L)1/2,

L - inductance w1a (w1b), the highest - electrical strength T2a, T2b (50 V per turn).

The peak discharge power depends on the speed of the VS.

The modes of powerful elements are close to critical. Therefore, the operating time of the VG should be limited. It is allowed to turn on the VG without load (discharge in the air) for no more than 1-3 seconds. The operation of VS and VT3 is first checked with the AP turned off by applying +9V to the VD7 anode. To check the AP, T2a and T2b are replaced with a 20-100 Ohm resistor of sufficient power. If there is no generation, it is necessary to swap the terminals of the winding Wb. You can limit the current consumption of the AP by reducing Wb by selecting R1, R2. A correctly assembled VG must necessarily pierce the internal interelectrode gap of 1.5-2.5 cm.

Adequate precautions must be taken when using VG. High-voltage discharge current pulses through the myelin sheath of the nerve fibers of the skin tissue can be transmitted to the muscles, causing tonic convulsions and spasms. Thanks to synapses, nervous excitation covers other muscle groups, developing reflex shock and functional paralysis. According to U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission sad consequences - flutter and fibrillation of the ventricles with subsequent transition to asystole, ending terminal states - are observed with a discharge with an energy of 10 J. According to unverified information, a 5-second exposure to a high-voltage discharge with an energy of 0.5 J causes total immobilization. Restoration of full muscle control occurs no earlier than after 15 minutes.

Attention: Abroad, similar devices are officially classified as firearms by the Bureau of Tobacco and Firearm.

The high-voltage transformer is wound on a rod from the ferrite antenna of the transistor receiver. The primary winding contains 5+5 turns of PEV-2 wire 0.2-0.3 mm. The secondary winding is wound turn to turn with insulation of each layer (1 turn per 1 volt), 2500–3500 turns.

R1, R2 – 8-12 kOhm
C1, C2 – 20-60 nF
C3 – 180 pF
C4, C5 – 3300 pF – 3.3 kV
D1, D2 – CC 106V
T1, T2 – KT 837

This device is intended for laboratory demonstration testing only. The company is not responsible for any use of this device.

A limited deterrent effect is achieved by exposure to powerful ultrasonic radiation. At high intensities, ultrasonic vibrations produce an extremely unpleasant, irritating and painful effect on most people, causing severe headaches, disorientation, intracranial pain, paranoia, nausea, indigestion, and a feeling of complete discomfort.

The ultrasonic frequency generator is made on D2. Multivibrator D1 generates a triangular signal that controls the frequency swing of D2. The modulation frequency of 6-9 Hz lies in the area of ​​resonances of internal organs.

D1, D2 - KR1006VI1; VD1, VD2 - KD209; VT1 - KT3107; VT2 - KT827; VT3 - KT805; R12 - 10 Ohm;

T1 is made on a ferrite ring M1500NMZ 28x16x9, windings n1, n2 each contain 50 turns D 0.5.

Disable the emitter; disconnect resistor R10 from capacitor C1; set trimmer resistor R9 to pin. 3 D2 frequency 17-20 kHz. Use resistor R8 to set the required modulation frequency (pin 3 D1). The modulation frequency can be reduced to 1 Hz by increasing the capacitance of capacitor C4 to 10 μF; Connect R10 to C1; Connect the emitter. Transistor VT2 (VT3) is installed on a powerful radiator.

As an emitter, it is best to use a specialized piezoceramic head BA, imported or domestic, which provides a sound intensity level of 110 dB at a nominal supply voltage of 12 V: You can use several powerful high-frequency dynamic heads (speakers) BA1...BAN, connected in parallel. To select a head based on the required ultrasound intensity and operating distance, the following technique is proposed.

The average electrical power supplied to the speaker Рср = Е2 / 2R, W, should not exceed the maximum (nameplate) power of the head Рmax, W; E - signal amplitude at the head (meander), V; R - electrical resistance of the head, Ohm. In this case, the effectively supplied electrical power for the radiation of the first harmonic is P1 = 0.4 Рср, W; sound pressure Рзв1 = SдP11/2/d, Pa; d - distance from the center of the head, m; Sd = S0 10(LSd/20) Pa W-1/2; LSd - level of characteristic sensitivity of the head (certificate value), dB; S0 = 2 10-5 Pa W-1/2. As a result, sound intensity I = Npsv12 / 2sv, W/m2; N - number of parallel connected heads, s = 1.293 kg/m3 - air density; v = 331 m/s - speed of sound in air. Sound intensity level L1 = 10 lg (I/I0), dB, I0 = 10-12 I m/m2.

The pain threshold level is considered to be 120 dB, rupture of the eardrum occurs at an intensity level of 150 dB, destruction of the ear at 160 dB (180 dB burns through paper). Similar foreign products emit ultrasound with a level of 105-130 dB at a distance of 1 m.

When using dynamic drivers, it may be necessary to increase the supply voltage to achieve the required intensity level. With an appropriate radiator (needle-shaped with an overall area of ​​2 dm2), the KT827 transistor (metal housing) allows the parallel connection of eight dynamic heads with a coil resistance of 8 0 m each. 3GDV-1; 6GDV-4; 10GI-1-8.

Different people tolerate ultrasound differently. Young people are most sensitive to ultrasound. It’s a matter of taste if you prefer powerful sound radiation instead of ultrasound. To do this, it is necessary to increase the capacity of C2 tenfold. If desired, you can disable frequency modulation by disconnecting R10 from C1.

With increasing frequency, the radiation efficiency of some types of modern piezo emitters increases sharply. With continuous operation for more than 10 minutes, overheating and destruction of the piezocrystal is possible. Therefore, it is recommended to select a supply voltage lower than the nominal one. The required level of sound intensity is achieved by turning on several emitters.

Ultrasonic emitters have a narrow radiation pattern. When using an actuator to protect large premises, the emitter is aimed in the direction of the intended intrusion.

The device is designed for active self-defense by exposing an attacker to a high-voltage electric current. The circuit makes it possible to obtain voltages of up to 80,000 V at the output contacts, which leads to air breakdown and the formation of an electric arc (spark discharge) between the contact electrodes. Since a limited current flows when touching the electrodes, there is no threat to human life.

Due to its small size, an electroshock device can be used as an individual security device or work as part of a security system for the active protection of a metal object (safe, metal door, door lock, etc.). In addition, the design is so simple that it does not require the use of industrial equipment for manufacturing - everything can be easily done at home.

In the device diagram, Fig. 1. A pulse voltage converter is assembled on transistor VT1 and transformer T1. The self-oscillator operates at a frequency of 30 kHz. and in the secondary winding (3) of transformer T1 after rectification by diodes on capacitor C4, constant pressure about 800...1000 V. The second transformer (T2) allows you to further increase the voltage to the desired value. It works in pulse mode. This is ensured by adjusting the gap in the spark gap F1 so that air breakdown occurs at a voltage of 600...750 V. As soon as the voltage on capacitor C4 (during the charging process reaches this value), the discharge of the capacitor passes through F1 and the primary winding T2.

The energy accumulated on capacitor C4 (transmitted to the secondary winding of the transformer) is determined from the expression:

W = 0.5C x Uc2 = 0.5 x 0.25 x 10-6 x 7002 = 0.061 [J]

where, Uc is the voltage across the capacitor [V];
C is the capacitance of capacitor C4 [F].

Similar industrial devices have approximately the same charge energy or slightly less.

The circuit is powered by four D-0.26 type batteries and consumes a current of no more than 100 mA.

The circuit elements highlighted in dotted lines are a transformerless charger from a 220 V network. To connect the recharging mode, a cord with two corresponding plugs is used. The HL1 LED is an indicator of the presence of voltage in the network, and the VD3 diode prevents the batteries from being discharged through the charger circuits if it is not connected to the network.

The circuit uses the following parts: MLT resistors, capacitors C1 type K73-17V for 400 V, C2 - K50-16 for 25 V. C3 - K10-17, C4 - MBM for 750 V or type K42U-2 for 630 V. High-voltage capacitor (C4) it is not recommended to use other types, since it has to work in a harsh mode (discharge with almost a short circuit), which only these series can withstand for a long time.

Diode bridge VD1 can be replaced with four KD102B diodes, and VD4 and VD5 - with six KD102B diodes connected in series.

Switch SA1 type PD9-1 or PD9-2.

Transformers are homemade and winding in them begins with the secondary winding. The manufacturing process will require precision and a winding device.

Transformer T1 is made on a dielectric frame inserted into the B26 armor core, Fig. 2, made of M2000NM1 (M1500NM1) ferrite. It contains winding I - 6 turns; II - 20 turns with PELSHO wire with a diameter of 0.18 mm (0.12...0.23 mm), in winding III - 1800 turns with PEL wire with a diameter of 0.1 mm. When winding the 3rd winding, it is necessary to lay capacitor dielectric paper every 400 turns, and impregnate the layers with capacitor or transformer oil. After winding the coil, we insert it into the ferrite cups and glue the joint (after making sure that it works). The coil terminals are filled with heated paraffin or wax.

When installing the circuit, it is necessary to observe the phase polarity of the transformer windings indicated on the circuit.

The high-voltage transformer T2 is made on transformer iron plates assembled in a package, Fig. 3. Since the magnetic field in the coil is not closed, the design eliminates magnetization of the core. Winding is carried out turn to turn (the secondary winding is wound first) II - 1800...2000 turns with PEL wire with a diameter of 0.08...0.12 mm (in four layers), I - 20 turns with a diameter of 0.35 mm. It is better to make interlayer insulation from several turns of thin (0.1 mm) fluoroplastic tape, but capacitor paper is also suitable - it can be obtained from high-voltage non-polar capacitors. After winding the windings, the transformer is filled with epoxy glue. Before pouring, it is advisable to add a few drops of condenser oil (plasticizer) to the glue and mix well. In this case, there should be no air bubbles in the glue filling mixture. And for ease of filling, you will need to make a cardboard frame (dimensions 55x23x20 mm) according to the dimensions of the transformer, where the sealing is performed. A transformer made in this way provides a voltage amplitude of more than 90,000 V in the secondary winding, but it is not recommended to turn it on without protective spark gap F2, since at such a voltage a breakdown inside the coil is possible.

Any VD3 diode with the following parameters:
- reverse voltage > 1500 V
- leakage current< 10-15 мкА
- forward current > 300 mA
The most suitable parameters: two KD226D diodes connected in series.

Transformer data:
T1 - iron of standard size 20x16x5 (ferrum brand M2000mm W7x7 is possible)

Windings:
I - 28 turns 0.3 mm
II - 1500 turns 0.1 mm
III - 38 turns 0.5 mm

T2 - ferrite core 2000-3000 nm (a piece from a horizontal scanning transformer of a television (TVS), or, in extreme cases, a piece of a rod from a magnetic antenna of a radio receiver).
I - 40 turns 0.5 mm
II - 3000 turns 0.08 - 0.15 mm

This transformer is the most important part of the shocker. The procedure for its manufacture is as follows: the ferrite rod is insulated with two layers of fluoroplastic film (FUM) or fiberglass. After this, winding begins. The turns are laid in hundreds so that turns from adjacent hundreds do not fall on each other: 1000 turns (10 by 100) are wound in one layer, then impregnated with epoxy resin, two layers of fluoroplastic film or varnished cloth are wound and the next layer of wire (1000 turns) is wound on top. in the same way as the first time; insulate again and wind the third layer. As a result, the coil leads are obtained from different sides of the ferrite rod.

Capacitor C2 must withstand a voltage of 1500 V (in extreme cases 1000 V), preferably with as little leakage current as possible. The K arrester consists of two crossed brass plates 1-2 mm wide with a gap between the plates of 1 mm: to provide a discharge of 1 kV (kilovolt).

Setting: First, the converter is assembled with transformer T1 (parts are not connected to winding II) and power is supplied. You should hear a whistle with a frequency of about 5 kHz. Then they bring the terminals of winding II of the transformer one to one (with a small gap of about 1 mm). An electric arc should appear. If you put a piece of paper between these terminals, it will light up. This work must be done carefully, since the voltage on this winding is up to 1.5 kV. If the whistle is not heard in the transformer, then swap the terminals of winding III at T1. After this, connect a diode and capacitor to winding II T1. Turn the power back on. After a few seconds, turn off. Now, using a well-insulated screwdriver, short-circuit the leads of capacitor C2. There should be a loud discharge. This means the converter is working fine. If not, then swap the terminals of winding II T1. After this, you can assemble the entire circuit. During normal operation, the output discharge reaches a length of 30 mm. With resistor R1 = 2...10 Ohms, you can increase the power of the device (by decreasing this resistor) or decrease it (by increasing its resistance). The battery used is a Krona type battery (preferably imported), which has a large capacity and provides a current of up to 3 A in short-term mode.

Transformer T1 is wound on ferrite M2000NM-1 of standard size Ш7х7,
Windings: I - 28 turns 0.35 mm.
II - 38 turns 0.5 mm.
III - 1200 turns 0.12 mm.

Transformer T2 on a rod 8 mm and 50 mm long.
I - 25 turns 0.8 mm.
II - 3000 turns 0.12 mm.

Capacitors C2, C3 must withstand voltages up to 600 V.

A single-ended voltage converter is assembled on transistor VT1, which is rectified by diode VD1 and charges capacitors C2 and C3. As soon as the voltage on C3 reaches the operating threshold of dinistor VS1, it opens and opens thyristor VS2. In this case, capacitor C2 is discharged through the primary winding of high-voltage transformer T2. A high voltage pulse occurs on its secondary winding. So the process is repeated with a frequency of 5-10 Hz. Diode VD2 serves to protect thyristor VS2 from breakdown.

The setting consists of selecting resistor R1 to achieve the optimal ratio between current consumption and converter power. By replacing the VS1 dinistor with another one, with a higher or lower operating voltage, you can adjust the frequency of high-voltage discharges.

Production - Korea.
Output voltage - 75 kV.
Power - 6 V.
Weight - 380 g.

The master oscillator is assembled on transistor VT1.

Transformer T1 data:
- ferrum core M2000 20x30 mm;
I - 16 turns 0.35 mm, tap from the 8th turn
II - 500 turns 0.12 mm.

Transformer T2 data:
I - 10 turns 0.8 mm.
II - 2800 turns 0.012 mm.

Transformer T2 is wound in five layers of 560 turns per layer. Although instead of this transformer you can take an ignition coil from a car. The transformer is the most important part of the shocker. The procedure for its manufacture is as follows: the ferrite rod is insulated with two layers of fluoroplastic film (FUM) or fiberglass. After this, winding begins. The turns are laid in hundreds so that turns from adjacent hundreds do not fall on each other: 1000 turns (10 by 100) are wound in one layer, then impregnated with epoxy resin, two layers of fluoroplastic film or varnished cloth are wound and the next layer of wire (1000 turns) is wound on top. in the same way as the first time; insulate again and wind the third layer. As a result, the coil leads are obtained from different sides of the ferrite rod.

Next comes impregnation with epoxy again, three layers of insulation, and 40 turns of 0.5-0.8 mm wire are wound on top. This transformer can only be turned on after the epoxy resin has cured. Do not forget about this, because it will be “pierced” by high voltage.

The setting consists of selecting R2 until the voltage on C4 is 500 Volts, with dinistors VD2, VD3 turned off. When you press the button, the blocking generator starts working, and a voltage appears at the output of T1, which reaches 600 V. Through VD1, C4 begins to charge, and as soon as the voltage on it reaches the threshold of the dinistors, they open, the current in the primary circuit reaches 2A, the voltage on C4 drops sharply, the dinistors close and the process repeats with a frequency of 10-15 Hz.

The basis of the device is a DC-DC converter (Fig. 1). At the output of the device, I used a multiplier using KTs-106 diodes and 220 pF x 10 kV capacitors. Power is supplied by 10 D-0.55 batteries. With smaller ones, the result is slightly worse. You can also use Krona or Corundum batteries. It is important to have 9-12 volts.

I - 2 x 14 dia. 0.5-0.8 mm.
II - 2 x 6 dia. 0.5-0.8 mm.
III - 5-8 thousand dia. 0.15-0.25 mm.

Batteries are convenient only because they can be charged.

A very important element is the transformer, which I made from a ferrite core (ferrite rod from a radio receiver with a diameter of 8 mm), but the transformer from ferrite from a TVS worked more efficiently - I made a U-shaped bar from a U-shaped one.

I took the rules for winding a high-voltage winding from ("Electric Match") - I laid insulation every thousand turns. For interturn insulation I used FUM (fluoroplastic) tape. In my opinion, other materials are less reliable. While experimenting, I tried electrical tape, mica, and used PELSHO wire. The transformer did not last long - the windings were pierced.

The case was made from a plastic box of suitable dimensions - plastic packaging from an electric soldering iron. Original dimensions: 190 x 50 x 40 mm (see Fig. 2).

In the case, I made plastic partitions between the transformer and the multiplier, as well as between the electrodes on the solder side - precautions to avoid the passage of a spark inside the circuit (case), which also protects the transformer. On the outside, under the electrodes, I placed small “antennae” made of brass to reduce the distance between the electrodes - a discharge is formed between them. In my design, the distance between the electrodes is 30 mm, and the length of the crown is 20 mm. A spark is formed without a “whisker” - between the electrodes, but there is a danger of breakdown of the transformer and its formation inside the housing. I spotted the idea of ​​a “mustache” on “branded” models.

To avoid self-switching on while wearing, it is more advisable to use a slide-type switch.

I would like to warn radio amateurs about the need for careful handling of the product, both during the design and adjustment period, and with the finished device. Remember that it is directed against a bully, a criminal, but, at the same time, against a person. Exceeding the limits of necessary defense is punishable by law.

The basis of the device is a DC-DC converter. It is made according to the circuit of a push-pull pulse generator using transistors VT1 and VT2. It is loaded with the primary winding of the transformer. The secondary one serves for feedback. Tertiary - increasing. When you press the KH1 button, a constant voltage of 400V appears on capacitor C2. The role of a voltage multiplier is performed by the ignition coil from the Moskvich-412 car.

When the button is pressed, voltage is applied to the generator, and a high voltage is induced in its output winding. AC voltage, which is converted by diode VD1 into an increasing constant at C2. As soon as C2 is charged to 300V, the dinistors VD2 and VD3 open and a current pulse appears in the primary winding of the ignition coil, as a result in the secondary there will be a high voltage pulse with an amplitude of several tens of kilovolts. The use of an ignition coil is due to its reliability, and in this case there is no need for labor-intensive winding of a homemade coil. But the diode multiplier is not very reliable. Transformer Tr1 is wound on a ferite ring with an outer diameter of 28 mm. Its primary winding contains 30 turns of PEV 0.41 with a tap from the middle. Secondary - 12 turns with a tap from the middle of the same wire. Tertiary - 800 turns of PEV 0.16 wire. The rules for winding such a transformer are known

This device can be used to protect against attacks by wild animals (and not only animals). Most of these devices are based on a pulse generator and a high-voltage transformer with a homemade coil, which is not easy to manufacture or durable.

This device simulates the ignition system of a car. An automobile ignition coil, a nine-volt battery of six A373 cells, and a breaker with a capacitor on an electromagnetic relay are used. The operation of the chopper is controlled by a multivibrator on a DI chip and a switch on transistor VT1. The entire device is mounted in a plastic pipe about 500 mm long and the diameter is the same as the ignition coil. The coil is located at the working end (with two pins from a 220V plug and discharge petals between them.), and the battery is on the opposite side of the pipe, with an electronic unit between them. Turning on is a button installed between the battery elements. The ignition coil can be from any car, the electromagnetic relay can also be from a car, for example, a sound signal relay from a VAZ 08 or Moskvich 2141.

Attention: Be careful when operating the devices; the voltage on the electrodes remains for 20-40 seconds after switching off.

A set of fresh A316 elements is enough for 20-30 starts of the device for 0.5-1 minutes each. Replace items promptly. In case of danger, turn on the voltage converter. After 2-3 seconds, the voltage on the electrodes will reach 300 V. You should press the flash button no earlier than the indicator lights up (5-12 seconds after turning on the converter). Use the flash from a distance of no more than 1.5 meters, pointing the lamp at the attacker’s eyes. Immediately after the flash, you can deliver an electric shock.

Good afternoon everyone!
Not long ago, wandering around the Internet, I came across a diagram of a stun gun and decided to put together what came out of it, see for yourself.

Attention!!!
The main effect of a stun gun is deafening pain. Electric current causes severe pain and puts a person into a state of disorientation. An electrical discharge at the point of contact with the body stimulates ultra-fast muscle contraction, which leads to short-term loss of performance. In addition, the activity of the nerve endings is blocked and the brain cannot control the part of the body that was affected by the electric current. Paralysis develops, which can last up to 30 minutes

Scheme:

To make a stun gun we will need:
Transistors: IRFZ48N or IRFZ44.IRF3205
Resistors: 680 ohm or 1 kohm
Capacitors: 2n2 x 6.3 kv
Arrester
Diodes: KTs123 OR 106 (Better KTs123 A)
Transformer: From a computer power supply (I used a DF-90 PC inductor)
The winding wire was taken from an old razor
Batteries format 16850-3pcs
Relay for 12 v 10a
Breadboard, wires, tin, rosin, soldering iron, and straight arms.

I took the diodes from the UN9/27-1.3 multiplier and the winding wire from an old razor

The diodes in the multiplier are as follows:

I wound the transformer like this:
4+4 turns with 0.6 wire folded 3 times Primary winding
900 turns with wire 0.5-0.2 mm Secondary, rewound with tape every 100-110 turns

You need power for the stun gun switch via relay and throttle

For power I used 3 16850 batteries
But the stun gun works well even from 2
For charging I use a TP4056 board

The video shows the entire process of disassembling assembly and starting