After a long break, I return to Yaroslavl.

In the middle of Sovietskaya Square stands c. Elijah the Prophet. The church was built in 1647-1650. on the site of two wooden churches at the expense of the richest local merchants brothers Bonifaty and Ioanniky Skripin. Originally erected on the territory of the estate of temple builders, after the reconstruction of Yaroslavl according to the plan of 1778, Elias Church became the center of the administrative square, one of the main architectural structures of the city. Since 1920, the temple has been operating as a museum (from 10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., cr. Monday). A ticket costs 70 rubles, permission to photograph is about 150, but no one checks it inside.
Early in the morning the square was empty and there were no tourists yet.
1.

2.

Like other temples of the early period of Yaroslavl architecture, the Ilyinskaya Church is lined on both sides with two-tier closed galleries, to which massive porches on creeping arches lead. A four-tier hipped bell tower adjoins the northwestern corner of the porch, and on the north side the composition of the temple is complicated by a small hipped aisle, consisting of several tiers of kokoshniks. Soon after the consecration of the church, a highly revered shrine was sent from Moscow to Yaroslavl - a particle of the robe of Christ. Especially for its storage, a new chapel, Rizopolozhensky, was added to the western gallery; The complex composition of the Ilyinsky temple, therefore, was balanced according to the principle of a yoke: from the west (ie, in front), the temple is perceived as symmetrical.

3. And this is the view during the day.

4. At the entrance to the temple there are stones with half-erased writings

5. The walls outside are decorated with tiles with heraldic eagles

Inside, all the walls are painted with frescoes.
6. This is the Last Judgment

The frescoes were created in 1680 by an artel of 15 masters and have never been repainted since. Their peculiarity is the "secularization" of plots.
7.

8.

9.

10. Patriarchal place

11. Iconostases

12.

13.

Between st. Pervomaiskaya and Trefoleva stands Kazan Monastery. It was founded in 1610 on the site of an old monastery that burned down during the siege of the Poles in 1609. The shrine of the monastery was a copy of the image of the Kazan Mother of God, acquired in the 16th century. Today is a functioning nunnery.

In 1835-45, in the center of the monastery ensemble, a new, grandiose Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan. This is a typical monument of late classicism, with the severity inherent in this style, the dryness of the monotonous rhythm of the colonnades.
14.

15.

16.

17. Also on the territory of the monastery there are c. Meeting of the Lord, 1878-1881.

IN c. cover Holy Mother of God , 1820-1830, which also belonged to the monastery, now houses a planetarium, and there is also a comprehensive school "Provincial College".
18.

19.

On st. Andropov and perpendicular to it, there are many cafes - from pretentious to quite modest.
Here - chapel of st. Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky.
20.

It was erected in 1892 according to the project of Pozdeev on the territory where the Mytny market was located at that time. It is a type of building "an octagon on a quadrangle", covered with a low tent. On the western side - a porch on egg-pods, restored in 1982, also with a hipped roof. Now the courtyard of the Tolga Monastery is located here.

21.

Nearby is Sretensky temple,1891-1895.
22.

This pseudo-Russian-style tent temple, with a chapel and a fence, was built according to the project of the Yaroslavl architect Pozdeev in 1891-95 at the expense of the tobacco manufacturer Dunaev. Its tall tent, erected on the site of a 17th-century church, dominates the historic center of the city to this day. In Soviet times, it was used for production needs. The church is currently active.

23.

On one of the central streets of Yaroslavl - Pervomaiskaya, is located Church of the Sign, 1897
24.

The church was attached to the eastern side of the Vlasyevskaya (Znamenskaya) passage tower of the city fortifications of the 17th century. In the Middle Ages, an icon hung over the gates of each tower; sometimes it was written right on the wall. On the Vlasiev tower hung the image of the Sign of the Mother of God, in front of which in the 1st floor. 18th century erected a wooden chapel. The new temple was built according to the project of the architect A.A. Nikiforov in the "Old Russian style".

25.

Slightly to the left is a squat building Rotundas with Ionic columns along the facade
26.

To the right of the Church of the Sign - theatre. Volkova.
27.

To be continued...

Unified State Exam

In Russian

Region

KIM No. 0010000327

Exercise 1

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Different types of spines protect cacti in hot and arid regions of America from animals and temperature extremes, provide shade and attract pollinating insects, and also condense water vapor and retain moisture.

2) Sharp and splayed spines protect plants from being eaten by animals, thick and tight-fitting cacti save from daily temperature fluctuations, long and thick spines create a shadow.

3) Protecting from animals and temperature changes, providing shade and attracting insect pollinators, condensing water vapor and retaining moisture, different types of spines help cacti survive in the arid regions of America.

4) The nectar that accumulates on the tips of some spines attracts pollinating insects, which is why there are so many cacti in the hot and arid regions of America.

5) Thorns, being one of the ingenious devices that nature endowed cacti with, save these plants from being eaten by animals, from temperature extremes, and also create a shadow.

ANSWER: 13.

Task 2

Which of the following words or combinations of words should be in place of the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text?

Hence

In other words

ANSWER: exactly.

Task 3

Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which contains the meanings of the word AREA. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in sentence 2. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

REGION, -i, f.

1) Large administrative-territorial unit. Moscow region.

2) Branch of activity, circle of occupations, ideas. New field of science.

3) Part of the country, territory. Northern regions of Europe.

4) A separate part of the body. Pain in the chest area.

ANSWER: 3.

Task 4

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

embitter

responded

starting

utterly

starting

ANSWER: starting.

Task 5

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

Rest assured, the boy will still answer for his MISconduct.

For a real mountaineer, the ascent of this peak is not difficult.

After the New Year's greetings, the DISTRIBUTION of gifts began.

There was a LONG silence, interrupted only by the clicking of instruments.

The gymnast was of medium height, stocky and broad-shouldered.

ANSWER: long.

Task 6

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

FIVE HUNDRED meters

honorary titles

THE SWEETEST

scented SHAMPOO

ANSWER: five hundred.

Task 7

Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS		OFFERS
A) a violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover B) a violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate C) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participle turnover D) a violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application E) an error in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members		1) Paying special attention to medical support, the number of colds among infantrymen has decreased. 2) Your report reflects the exciting problems of geneticists all over the world. 3) The Trud newspaper published a sensational article. 4) All those who wrote an “excellent” review gave a deep analysis of the work and substantiated their point of view. 5) Modern publicists publish their works on the pages of the Sovremennik magazine. 6) The plot of the play "The Powers of Darkness" is based on the story of the moral fall and subsequent repentance of a weak-willed peasant. 7) Biennial plants in the first year of their life not only bloom, but accumulate nutrients in the roots. 8) Tourists who visited the Palace of Congresses drew attention to the difference between this building and other Kremlin buildings. 9) Thanks to the construction of a new tunnel, traffic on the road has become more intense.

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	IN	G	D
2	3	1	6	7

Task 8

Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

doubt

e..rektiva

alm..nah

t..rmometer

vyt..tret

ANSWER: wipe.

Task 9

Find a row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.

pr..gorok, pr..quiet;

be .. final, ra .. boiled;

head..south, object..ect;

p.. run away, pr.. grandmother;

without .. similar, over .. initiative.

ANSWER: hillock hush or hush hillock.

Task 10

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

siren..vy

tinkle..wat

thoughtful..out

wild..nka

adjust..vat

ANSWER: lilac.

Task 11

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

wrestling..shishing

dozing..sh

bed..sh

ANSWER: see.

Task 12

Identify the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.

(Not) finished eating porridge to give the rest to the puppy.

Now a (not) slight anxiety, but something similar to anxiety, seized me.

There was a box with manuscripts that no one (not) needed.

What can you (not) hear when all the sailors gather in the cockpit.

The book tells about the fate of the (un)happy old woman.

ANSWER: unhappy.

Task 13

Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

(AND) SO, to summarize everything that has been said: the forest is our healer, our wealth and, (ON) THE END, the best outfit of the earth.

It was necessary to wait for Semenov at all costs, (BECAUSE) because his arrival decided a lot.

The sky was frowning SO (SAME) as yesterday, the sea was stormy, (FOR) THIS boat trip had to be postponed.

Nikolai (V) DURING the whole dispute was silent and only once in (FLOOR) VOICE asked Marina to remove the samovar.

(B) FAR away, the lights either hid, then showed up again, and then suddenly disappeared, as if SOMEONE (THAT) covered them with a handkerchief.

ANSWER: so finally or finally so.

Task 14

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which one letter H is written. Indicate the numbers in ascending order.

Old (1) lamps, weaving (2) wallets, silver (3) knives and forks, old, dull Venetian glass - everything was thrown out (4) by the tide of time on this square, as waves throw algae, shells and other sea rubbish.

ANSWER: 234.

Task 15

Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1) Cranes flew low in the gloomy sky and loudly and lingeringly cooed.

2) Styopushka either sits, nibbles on a radish, or drags a bucket of water somewhere and groans, then taps with a piece of wood in his closet.

3) Somewhere nearby there was a “shading” of finches and a short trill of oatmeal.

4) His old and quarrelsome wife did not leave the stove all day, constantly grumbling and scolding.

5) The underground passage was closed and this immediately put Dmitry Olegovich in front of an insoluble problem.

ANSWER: 45.

Task 16

A typical monument of Yaroslavl architecture - the Church of Elijah the Prophet - is a (1) well-lit (2) from the inside (3) temple (4) surrounded by covered galleries.

ANSWER: 4.

Task 17

Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).

Among the poets of the "Silver Age" A. Blok occupies (1) undoubtedly (2) a special position. He does not repeat other people's topics, but draws the content of his poems (3) exclusively (4) from the depths of his soul.

ANSWERS: 12

Task 18

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).

In glorious Yaroslavl, in its very center, there is a magnificent architectural monument of 17th century architecture - the Church of Elijah the Prophet. It was erected in the same period as Yaroslavl itself, by the ruler of Rus', Yaroslav the Wise, where two old dilapidated wooden temples used to be. Among the Orthodox Church of Elijah the Prophet is in demand. Services are held here, both ordinary and festive. And the beauty of the interior decoration and majestic appearance attracts curious tourists.

Temple of Elijah the Prophet - a monument of the past era

According to legend, the church inherited its name in honor of the day of Elijah the Prophet, when the Grand Duke defeated the mighty bear. In fact, it was the very first religious building in the newly formed city. It safely survived a great fire in 1658, having received only minor external damage, which destroyed the unique flower painting of the outer walls. In 1920, the church inheritance became part of the Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve, whose workers saved it from being abolished and plundered by the Bolsheviks. But despite their efforts, in the 30s of the 20th century, the Union of Militant Atheists managed to get to the church and organized an anti-religious museum within its boundaries.

The Church of Elijah the Prophet has been restored many times, only in the last century three restorations were carried out in it. There are ancient icons, the richest church utensils, the walls are decorated with fascinating paintings.

Services have been held since 1989, when the altar was re-consecrated and blessed.

The beauty of the church and its interesting story annually attract many tourists, historians, art workers and pilgrims.

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

A typical monument of Yaroslavl architecture - the Church of Elijah the Prophet - is a (1) well-lit (2) from the inside (3) temple (4) surrounded by covered galleries.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

A typical monument of Yaroslavl architecture - the Church of Elijah the Prophet - is a well lit from withintemple, surrounded by covered galleries.

Comma 4 highlights the participial turnover "surrounded by covered galleries".

The participial turnover “well lit from within” is NOT isolated, as it stands before the word being defined.

Scheme: PO + GS + PO.

The comma must be in place 4.

Answer: 4

Relevance: Used since 2015

Difficulty: normal

Rule: Task 17. Separation of definitions and circumstances

SEPARATION OF DEFINITIONS AND CIRCUMSTANCES

In task 16, students are required to be able to see isolated and non-isolated secondary members of a sentence and place commas in sentences with isolation. While all secondary members can be separated, only cases of separation / non-separation are included in this assignment definitions and circumstances. Thus, in the task there may be combinations of two types of separate members, and the placement of punctuation marks will depend on the features of the isolation of definitions (see paragraph 16.1) and circumstances (see paragraph 16.2)

16.1 Separate definitions. Basic concepts.

Separate definitions are definitions highlighted in meaning with the help of intonation and commas.

Hence, non-separated - not separated by commas and intonation.

Both isolated and non-isolated definitions are expressed most often * full forms of adjectives or participles. This agreed definitions, that is, it agrees in gender, number and case with its main word (= GS). Both isolated and non-isolated definitions designate a sign of an object (main word).

*note: cases of isolation of inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns are not considered in this section, since the USE assignments do not contain such examples.

If the definition has no dependent words, then it is single definition.

If from the definition you can ask a question to another word (words), that is, there are dependent words in the definition, it is called widespread. The most striking example of a common definition is participial turnover (=|PO|).

Example 1. Car (what?) (GS)"Ambulance" , | standing across the pavement|, managed to attract onlookers. The definition for the word "car" is expressed by the participle "standing"; from him we ask the question where? - to "across the pavement". Both the participle and the words dependent on it are included in the participle.

Example 2. In the same way, there are turns with an adjective: On glass (GS) what?, | Silver from hoarfrost | |, frost painted patterns. From the adjective "silver" the question is raised from what? to "frost", therefore, the adjective and the dependent word are defining turnover (=|ОО|).

Both the participle and the attributive turnover are one member of the sentence - the definition.

If there are several definitions, then they can be homogeneous if they refer to the same member of the sentence and there is (or can be inserted) a union between them AND or there are commas;

and heterogeneous, if they refer to different members of the sentence and there is no union or it is impossible to insert a union between them AND or no commas.

Here are examples of common homogeneous definitions expressed by participial phrases:

Example 3: boy , | sledding | And |played with sister|, turned out to be the son of our neighbor.

to the main word boy include two common definitions, each of which is expressed by a participial turnover: “rolled” + dependent words and “played” + dependent words

Scheme: GS + (PO and PO).

As you can see, a comma is not placed between two homogeneous software, according to the general rule of using commas with homogeneous members connected by a single union AND.

Example 4: In the following example, common definitions are not homogeneous, as they refer to different members of the sentence:

boy , | sledding |,(1) and |playing with his daughter| neighbour turned out to be father and son. The boy was riding, and the neighbor was playing.

Scheme: GS+PO , AND PO+GS . If you drop both turns, the sentence will not break: The boy and the neighbor turned out to be dad and son. The comma at number 1, therefore, is needed not for homogeneous definitions, but for the boundary of the first participial turnover.

16.1.1. BASIC RULE for separation of definitions

Let's go back to the example boy , | sledding |, And |playing with his daughter| neighbour turned out to be father and son.

Why is there a comma after the word “boy” before the PO (= participial phrase), but not before the word “neighbor”?

There are a number of rules governing this. Let's define the most important, practically the only rule that you need to know when doing task 16 when working with definitions.

The participial (determinative) turnover is always isolated if it is after the main word.

Here, according to this scheme, separation always occurs: GS + PO.

Example 5: Human, | not remembering the past | |, deprives itself of the future. Set apart participial phrase after the main word.

Example 6: Were heard sounds, | similar to the groans of trees | |. Scheme: GS+OO.

The definitive turn standing after after the main word was isolated

We interchange the positions of software and HS in the above sentences:

Example 7.|Not remembering the past|Human deprives himself of the future. There is no separation, since the scheme is different: PO + HS

Example 8. Were heard | similar to the groans of trees | | sounds. There is no separation. Scheme: OO+GS

Note: There is no such rule: participle turnover is separated by commas. It is absolutely necessary to comply with the conditions for its selection.

16.1.2. ADDITIONAL RULES for separation of definitions

The rules below can be called additional only from the point of view of the need to complete task 16. These rules are included in the school course of the Russian language, are required for study, but spellings regulated by these rules were not found in the USE tasks.

1. The participial turnover must be isolated in the position before the word being defined, If determination has the meaning of cause or concession.

Example 9: | Exhausted by many days of drought |, Earth eagerly quenched their thirst. (Why did the earth quench its thirst? Because it was exhausted by the drought.) Scheme: PO + GS.

Example 10: |Decorated with glitter balls|, Christmas tree now and then attracted the attention of the kitten. Why did the tree attract attention? Because it was decorated. Scheme: software + GS.

Example 11: Raised in poverty and hunger, Paul was hostile to those who were, in his understanding, rich. Why did he treat it like that? Because I grew up in poverty.

Scheme: software + HS.

If there is no reason value, then turnover is not allocated as a general rule.

|Hung on a tree| birdhouse was occupied on the same day. (There is no reason, it cannot be argued that he was settled because he was hanged. There is no isolation, the basic rule applies.)

2. Separation always occurs if the definition refers to a personal pronoun.

Scheme: PO+(GS=LM). , where LM is a personal pronoun.

Example 12 |Engaged in conversation|, He listened.

Example 13 Excited and excited He ran into the room.

Example 14 Enriched with new concepts and feelings He I started re-reading my books.

Very often these two rules are combined in one sentence:

Example 15 Tired of walking in the swamp, wandered I into the shed and fell deeply asleep: on the one hand, there is a reason (why did you fall asleep?), on the other hand, the main word is a personal pronoun.

The above rules related to the separation of participial and attributive turns.

There is another type of isolation that is different from the others.

3. Several non-common definitions are separated, connected by a union And(or without it, with a comma) after the main word.

Scheme: GS+Definition + I+ Definition.

Example 16 March night, cloudy and misty, enveloped the earth.

Example 17 Spring spirit, cheerful and carefree, went everywhere.

We draw attention to the fact that sentences with two or three participial (defining) phrases are very often found in assignments, which complicates the process of highlighting their boundaries. In this case, it may turn out that the revolutions either sequentially follow each other, or are built into one another, or are located to the right and left of the HS. At the same time, in sentences there can be and will be non-isolated definitions expressed by single adjectives, participles and pronouns.

We give examples of parsing the most difficult sentences with isolated and non-isolated definitions

EXAMPLE 1. From a distance he saw house, | different from others | |, | built by some Italian architect | .

EXAMPLE 2. Over not yet calmed down after the recent storm boundless by sea towered sky, humiliated by brightly shimmering stars.

16.2. isolated circumstances. Basic concepts

Separate circumstances are single gerunds and participles. The participle is a special form of the verb that answers the questions what are you doing? and what did you do ?, always refers to the verb and denotes an additional action in relation to the main one. For example, in a sentence Having done big circle on newspaper lane in Kislovka, Levin again returned to the hotel and, putting watch in front of you, sat down, waiting twelve. highlighted words - gerunds, underlined as circumstances together with words dependent on them, that is, gerunds (=DO)

16.2.1 The basic rule for separating gerunds and participles.

Unlike participles and participial phrases, single gerunds and participles are always distinguished by commas, regardless of their location.

Cases when gerunds are not distinguished, that is, they are not isolated, not included in the USE tasks and are not included in the amount of information necessary to complete task 16.

16.2.2 Special cases. Setting commas with several predicates or several turns (single gerunds).

The complexity of tasks often lies in the fact that the sentence may contain various combinations of combinations of isolated circumstances and predicates. For example, with one predicate there can be two (or more) DO or single gerunds; there can be two, three predicates, and each has its own (own) DO. Let's consider these options in more detail.

1. There are two homogeneous predicates in the sentence, and the adverbial turnover refers to one of them.

Example 1In the pocket of his riding breeches Sergey felt crumbs of shag and, gently flicking its contents into your hand, wrapped a thick clumsy cigarette.

There are two homogeneous predicates in the sentence, DO refers to the predicate "wrapped". The adverbial turnover after the union AND, is separated from it by a comma (unions are not included in the adverbial turnover). Note that DO is easily excluded from the sentence, if the boundaries of circulation are marked correctly, then the sentence will not break down: In the pocket of his riding breeches, Sergey felt crumbs of shag and wrapped a thick, awkward cigarette.

2. If several DOs belong to one predicate, that is, when combining adverbial phrases, punctuation marks between them are placed in the same way as with homogeneous members of the sentence:

Example 2 He went staggering and all supporting the head with the palm of the left hand, A with the right, quietly tugging at his brown mustache. The sentence contains three homogeneous isolated circumstances related to alone predicate, commas before And and before A stand / do not stand according to the rule of homogeneous members.

3. Participle phrases relating to different verb-predicates are singled out separately:

Example 3Sergey, standing for another minute, slowly walked towards the pile of coal and, neatly laying the floor of the overcoat sat down on a large piece of anthracite. There are two predicates, each has its own adverbial turnover.

If adjacent adverbial phrases refer to different verb-predicates and the union And not included in their composition, then each of them is distinguished separately:

Example 4 He stood , leaning against a pile of cibics of tea, And, looking around aimlessly drummed his fingers on his cane like a flute. Let's extract the DO to make sure the punctuation marks are correct. He stood and drummed his cane like a flute with his fingers.

Until 1647, in this territory of Zemlyanoy Posad, not far from the Volga banks, there were two parish churches built of wood - the cold Ilyinsky and the warm Pokrovsky. The buildings were already quite dilapidated, and two brothers of merchant blood - the Skripins - decided to build a single temple instead of them, which was supposed to perpetuate the memory of the very first city temple - Ilyinsky, cut down on the territory of the Yaroslavl Kremlin formed under Yaroslav the Wise.

Naturally, the idea of ​​this building is materialized by the brothers at their own expense, which they did not have to borrow. A merchant family engaged in trade, including arctic foxes, sables and pearls, became rich while still living in Veliky Novgorod. Having moved to Yaroslavl, the Skripins became major suppliers of furs and jewelry for the royal and other richest courts of Moscow. Only buying furs brought them crazy profits. However, wealth did not prevent members of the merchant family from being religious and respectable citizens. This is what prompted them to build the highest and most beautiful Posad temple.

The names of the builders and artisans who erected this magnificent church have not been preserved in history. But they are immortalized, like other nameless ordinary creators of Yaroslavl, among the most important sculptural characters - in the bronze image of a Citizen - on the pedestal of the Monument "1000 Years of Yaroslavl" in Strelka Park.

The image of the Citizen - the builder of Yaroslavl

The new stone cold (i.e. unheated) Church of Elijah the Prophet was built on the land of the Skripins themselves in close proximity to their merchants' chambers and outbuildings of the farmstead. The newly built temple faced the nearby shopping streets Proboynaya (now Sovetskaya) and Sokolovskaya with its western and northern facades. Many members of the Skripin merchant dynasty were then buried on the territory of the northern temple aisle - in the family tomb.

Trading rows

For the church under construction, a very valuable gift was received from the Moscow Assumption Cathedral - a particle of Christ's robe. To accommodate this gift, an additional chapel was built, called Rizopolozhensky.

In the most terrible fire of Yaroslavl in 1658, the temple was badly burned on the outside, but the fire did not affect its interior. Inside, the cathedral was painted much later than its construction, during the widow of one of the creators in the early 80s of the 17th century. A team of 15 Yaroslavl artists was organized to paint the temple. And the famous masters from Kostroma - G. Nikitin and S. Savin were invited to supervise the work of this organized artel.

Interior decoration and painting of the Temple of Elijah the Prophet

The painting of the inner temple walls was carried out in record time - for 3 months. The walls of the facades were also painted with floral ornaments, now lost. The green tile coverings of the temple domes sparkled dazzlingly under the sun. In the 18th century, that tile was replaced by a scaly covering, traditional for Yaroslavl churches.

Church of Elijah the Prophet in the 19th century

It so happened that the Skripin brothers did not leave heirs, but they left a will, according to which their trading company, lands and houses, and, of course, Ilyinsky Church, were transferred to the city. Thus, the Church of Elijah the Prophet by the end of the 17th century became a parish.

Temple of the main town square

In the late 70s of the 18th century, during the active urban policy of Catherine II, a plan for the regular development of Yaroslavl was adopted. And it was Ilyinsky Church that became the starting point for creating a network of new streets according to the radial-ring principle.

Once on the main city square, Ilyinsky Temple is surrounded by administrative institutions - the Governor's Palace and the symmetrical buildings of the Offices. By the name of the temple, the new square is also called Ilyinskaya.

View of Sovetskaya (former Ilyinskaya) Square with streets from above

At the end of the 19th century, a forged fence appeared around the church premises, the drawing of which was made according to the sketch of Academician A. Pavlinov. At the same time, the current repair of the temple was carried out with the replacement of the roof, etc. All these initiatives came from I. Vakhrameev, the Yaroslavl mayor of that period. They say that partly with his money.

Church after renovations of the late 19th century

After the revolution and the full-fledged establishment of Soviet power, the building of the Ilyinsky Church was taken over by the Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve, which saved it from destruction. For a while, the temple was an anti-religious museum, and in it, right under the church dome, the Foucault Pendulum hung. At the same time, the relics of the Yaroslavl miracle workers were placed in the temple, which were transferred here in the late 30s for public viewing.

Restoration work supporting the building was repeatedly carried out in the temple - in the 50s, 60s and 80s. In the late 1980s, the Elias Church was returned to believers and re-consecrated, but divine services are held in it only on holidays.

May 9th celebration

Today, the oldest Ilyinsky temple is the main attraction of Sovetskaya Square, a witness to all the main festive events of Yaroslavl and a branch of the Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve.

Architectural uniqueness of the temple

External design

Elias Church was built as a cathedral church of the Byzantine type. Large red brick served as the main material for construction, and white stone was used for decor. Until the beginning of the 18th century, the temple existed in this form, then it was whitewashed with lime with the addition of ocher.

The architectural layout of the Ilyinsky temple is very peculiar, and its external structure attracts attention with its pronounced asymmetry, which is very characteristic of many Yaroslavl churches of the 17th century. The complex asymmetric layout of the Elias Church makes it a unique urban temple, the view of which from various angles is absolutely unique.

View of the Ilyinsky temple from the north side

The room of the central temple is located on a high basement and is equipped with five large onion domes on drums, equipped with light windows. The drums themselves have decorations in the form of patterned belts and elegant kokoshniks.

Aisles, galleries and the bell tower are grouped around the main temple, and all this together creates a unique architectural ensemble, from the harmonious combination of which the Bell Tower and the Rizopolozhensky chapel burst upward. On the south side is Pokrovsky chapel with a refectory. On the eastern side there is a very small tower chapel of Guria, Samon and Aviv with a three-tier decoration of kokoshniks. The basement of this aisle is the Skripin family tomb. The western gallery connects the Belfry with the Rizopolozhensky aisle.

View from the west side

Built later than the others, the Rizopolozhensky chapel stands out not only for its tent completion, but also for its combination of amazing lightness and majesty. On a slightly elongated quadrangle, equipped with windows, there is a low, but rather large octagon. The place of transition from one to another is marked by graceful corner kokoshniks. An octagon smoothly turning into an openwork octagonal tent. The two lower tiers of the tent are distinguished by small waves of kokoshniks, and the edges going up from them are decorated with parallel protrusions-notches. All these details create a feeling of lightness and elegance. In addition to this chapel, the temple has two more, one of which - at the southern facade of Pokrovsky - is warm along with the Refectory.

The bell tower is located in the northwest of the temple. It is made in a strict and simple way, without frills. Its octagonal base - an octagon, has decorative blades that hide the supports and emphasize the faceted structure of the lower part of the structure. The tier of the belfry has eight arched window openings. Even higher are the "rumors" with platbands - special holes to improve sound resonance. And the white tent completion ends with a green onion and a cross.

Outside, the temple walls are not painted, as they were at the end of the 17th century, they are simply plastered, but at the same time, each of the facades is individual. The facades of the ensemble on the western and northern sides are more decorative and ceremonial. They are decorated with such architectural details as traced arches, architraves of various shapes, square grooves of the widths, with carved inserts of images of fantastic animals.

Architectural wall decor

The picturesque decoration has been preserved today only on the pediment of the western porch. This panel "Crucifixion", located above the entrance to the temple, is restored during each repair.

Panel "Crucifixion" above the western entrance

Along the entire length of the cornices one can see an elegant gilded iron valance. Like the central domed cross, this gap was made by unknown Yaroslavl forged craftsmen in the 17th century.

Interior decoration: murals, iconostasis, etc.

The four-pillared internal space of the temple has many volumes, hipped and domed aisles, five thrones and a hipped bell tower. All rooms are interconnected by covered galleries, the walls of which, like the walls of the temple itself, are covered with frescoes depicting biblical and everyday scenes. This painting miraculously survived from the second half of the 17th century. It was only repeatedly cleaned of dust and mud deposits.

Fresco paintings of the interior of the Ilyinsky Church

A walk through all three temple galleries is an acquaintance with the most unique wall painting, which is a real masterpiece of this type of art. The most interesting gallery corridor is the path from the Rozopolozhensky chapel to the Bell Tower. The galleries were painted years later after the design of the main temple interior.

The fresco painting of the central hall is made in six tiers. On the lower - the first tier - there is a fabulously beautiful ornament. The second tier is devoted to the biography of the Prophet Elisha, who is a disciple of Elijah the Prophet. There are scenes of the harvest and the resurrection of the dead baby.

Wall painting

The scenes of the third tier depict well-known fragments of the life of Elijah, his miracles of healing and contacts with the people. The fourth tier is devoted to the life of the Apostles, and the fifth and sixth - to the plots of the Gospel.

The carved, gold-plated iconostasis of the main temple was made in the late 17th century in the Moscow baroque style. It amazes with its elegance and richest collection of ancient icons, some of which belong to the brush of F. Zubov, one of the most famous icon painters of that period.

Iconostasis

Separate attention should be paid to the fine work of woodcarvers, who designed the iconostasis itself, the royal gates and the canopy above the altar. The six iconostasis tiers contain the most ancient icons. In the center are icons that belonged to the Skripin merchant family. All of them were once in rich salaries with pearls and precious stones.

Filigree carving in the design of the Iconostasis

The iconostases of the aisles are somewhat different from the main one, but they also contain ancient and most valuable icons. The overall picture of the stunning ancient Russian art is completed by the most valuable church utensils.

History of the Church of Elijah the Prophet in Yaroslavl

The Church of Elijah the Prophet is the most unique and very old Orthodox church in Yaroslavl.

According to the "Legend about the construction of the city of Yaroslavl", the very first church in the city in the name of Elijah the Prophet was laid by Yaroslav the Wise. The legendary duel of the prince with the bear - the patroness of the tribes living on these lands - took place just on Ilyin's day. Defeating the Beast:

“The Christ-loving prince ordered that trees be cut down and the place where he decided to build a hail be cleared. And soon the masters began to build the church of the holy prophet Elijah and build the city. This city, the noble prince Yaroslav, named Yaroslavl in his own name.

Funds for the construction of the temple of Elijah the Prophet were allocated by wealthy merchants - brothers Ioanniky and Vonifatiy Skripin. Having enough money, they decided to build a church, as they say, "for themselves", in their own courtyard.

Construction began in 1647, and ended three years later, as the inscription to the right of the entrance to the temple says:

“By the grace of God the Father Almighty and the haste of the Only Begotten Son of His Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ and the assistance of the Holy and Life-Giving Spirit, these churches began to be built in the name of the Most Holy Theotokos, Her Honorable Protection and the Holy Prophet Elijah with the other three chapels in the summer of 7155 (1647), month of May on the 9th day; this church was completed and consecrated in 7158 (1650), on the sixteenth day of June, under the power of the Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich of All Rus', under His Holiness Joseph, Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus', under Metropolitan Varlaam of Rostov and Yaroslavl.

Ilyinsky Church of Yaroslavl turned out to be majestic and elegant. We are used to seeing it snow-white, but initially it was not whitewashed - it remained red, painted with bright “herbs”, its kokoshniks and platbands were painted with blue, ocher and green colors, and the domes were covered with green tiles.

The magnificent Elias Church fell into disrepair due to the small number of parishes: by the beginning of the twentieth century, it consisted of only 16 courtyards. And all the trading places bequeathed by the Skripin brothers for the maintenance of the Ilyinsky temple had long since moved to the city.

Anti-religious museum in the Church of Elijah the Prophet in Yaroslavl

After the revolution, the temple of Elijah the Prophet was transferred to the Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve. In 1922, the church was registered in the provincial Historical Museum, having given it the highest category of value, and opened to the public as a monument of architecture and painting. The church became part of the department of ancient Russian art. This saved the temple from destruction, but they were trying to demolish it.

In less than ten years, the temple found a very strange, at first glance, application. The Union of Militant Atheists, which was active in the USSR in the pre-war years, decided to use the premises of the Church of Elijah the Prophet under ... an anti-religious museum. In fact, this turned out to be not such a bad idea, because church items from other churches were brought to the newly organized museum, and a large collection of bells was collected in it.

In the temple of Elijah the Prophet, a unique exhibit was installed - Foucault's pendulum. Seeing this device in St. Isaac's Cathedral, the director of the Yaroslavl anti-religious museum wanted to repeat this experience in Yaroslavl.

Story

The church in honor of the prophet Elijah was the first church in the city, according to the "Legend of the construction of the city of Yaroslavl", it was founded by Prince Yaroslav the Wise at the same time as the city itself - in honor of the fact that the legendary victory of the prince over the bear occurred on the day of this saint. It was located, as expected, on the site of the modern Ilyinsky-Tikhonovskaya church.

The modern stone church was built in 1647-1650 on the site of two wooden churches - the old cold church of Elijah the Prophet and the warm church of the Intercession of the Mother of God at the expense of the richest merchants of the living room hundreds of brothers Ioanniky and Vonifaty Skripin. The artel of local craftsmen, whose names are unknown, led the construction. By the end of the construction, the Skripins were gifted by Patriarch Joseph with a particle of the robe of Christ, which was kept in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Occasionally, particles were separated from it and sent as a gift as a sign of special favor, until this was prohibited. In honor of receiving the shrine, a tented Rizopolozhensky chapel was built.

During the city fire of 1658, although the church was burned on the outside, inside, unlike most others, it was not damaged. It was painted by the famous Kostroma artists Gury Nikitin and Sila Savin, together with Yaroslavl masters, in 1680 (an artel of 15 masters worked for less than three months) under the Skripins' heiress, the widow Vonifatia, Julita Makarovna. Initially, the temple stood in the Skripins' courtyard, next to their residential and outbuildings (nine representatives of this family were buried near the church) and adjoined the shopping streets of Proboynaya and Sokolovskaya only with the western and northern facades.

The smooth, mean facades of the church were painted with large flowers, the so-called. herbs. Now this painting has been lost, and only the old whitewashing has been restored. All the domes were covered with green tiles, sparkling brightly in the sun. In the 18th century, tiles were replaced by a scaly coating invented in Yaroslavl.

When Yaroslavl received a regular development plan in 1778, the Church of Elijah the Prophet became the center of the radial-circular layout of the urban settlement, Ilyinskaya Square (now Sovetskaya) was created around it, which housed a number of administrative institutions.

The fence around the church was made in 1896 according to the drawing of Academician A. M. Pavlinov. The church was repaired in 1898-1904 at the expense of the mayor I. A. Vakhrameev.

In 1920, the building was transferred to the Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve. In the 1930s, museum workers managed to save it from demolition. In 1938-1941, in the church where the relics of the Yaroslavl miracle workers were transferred, the Union of Militant Atheists set up an anti-religious museum; Foucault's pendulum was suspended under the dome.

Restoration was carried out in 1955-1956, 1960, 1983. In 1989, the main altar of the Church of Elijah the Prophet was re-consecrated, and since then, in the summer, church services. The museum is open to the public from May to October.

Current state

The Church of Elijah the Prophet is a four-pillared multi-volume temple with independent hipped and domed aisles and a hipped bell tower united by a gallery. The painting contains many everyday scenes. The interior of the temple is complemented by a gilded carved iconostasis with a collection of ancient icons, painted portals and a tiled frieze, rich church utensils. On the pediment of the western porch there is a picturesque composition "Crucifixion", which was updated with every repair.

The temple stands on a high basement. Initially, it was blocked by mosquitoes. The green domes are crowned with golden crosses, of which the cross of the central dome deserves special attention. Together with an elegant valance of gilded iron running along the entire cornice, this cross is an outstanding work of Yaroslavl blacksmiths of the 17th century. The whole temple is surrounded by galleries and aisles. A particularly interesting gallery that connects the bell tower from the chapel of the Position of the Reese and includes the western wing is now the only entrance to the building. The cupolas of the bell tower and aisles are covered with tiles made according to old samples and recipes in the workshop of the Yaroslavl ceramist-restorer A. A. Egorov.

There are three aisles in the temple: Rizopolozhensky (in honor of the relic kept there - particles of the Lord's Robe), Intercession (in honor of Orthodox holiday Intercession) and Guria, Samon and Aviv (Martyrs of Ephesus, who were considered patrons of the family hearth).

The painting of the church, which has world significance, is built on architectonic and rhythmic coordination with the forms of its interior. The painting ensemble was created gradually, over three periods from 1680 to 1717 by three artels of masters. For 300 years, the complex of murals has been relatively little updated. In 1830, the painting of the Pokrovsky aisle was rewritten by V. V. and M. V. Sarafannikovs. In the 1950s, the main temple and partly the Pokrovsky chapel were washed and strengthened, in the 1960s the porches were strengthened, in the 1970s the Pokrovsky chapel was opened from under the record by a brigade.

The painting covers the interior of the Ilinskaya Church with a solid carpet consisting of 970 plot stamps, not counting the ornaments that adorn the lower parts of the walls, the bases of the pillars, window sills, portals and stone benches. Four hundred and seventeen compositions of the main temple were created directly under the direction of the denominator Gury Nikitin.

It is under the jurisdiction of the Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve and is available for visiting as an architectural monument from May to October. Services are held by the Kirillo-Afanasievsky Monastery in Yaroslavl.

Church of Elijah the Prophet (Yaroslavl), history of its founders

Previously, people believed in God sincerely, with all their hearts. Those who were allowed funds considered it a supreme good to give part of their savings for the construction of the temples of the Lord. So, in the 17th century, the Skripin brothers Vonifaty and Anikei (Ioanikey), who moved to Yaroslavl from Novgorod after Ivan the Terrible captured it, built the Church of Elijah the Prophet, as they said, to save their souls and the souls of their parents.

The Skripins were very wealthy merchants. They were engaged in the resale of furs and precious stones, buying up goods from Siberian prospectors and hunters for a penny. This business brought huge profits. In addition, they traded church utensils. The Skripins, like all very rich people, were highly respected. Ioanikey was a zemstvo headman for several years, even had the prestigious and important rank of the sovereign's guest. The brothers lived in the same yard, they did everything together. By a strange coincidence, they also died at about the same time - Ioanikey in 1660, and Boniface in 1661. The Skripin brothers did not leave any heirs, but thanks to the magnificent church created by their efforts, their memory has survived for centuries.

Construction history

For three years the church of Elijah the Prophet in Yaroslavl was under construction. The 17th century is characterized by the fact that for the construction of temples they no longer took wood, but more durable and durable brick. The Skripins also used this material, thanks to which the Church of Elijah the Prophet survived the great fire of 1658 that devastated half of Yaroslavl. The brick was laid red and at first it was not whitewashed, but now it is necessarily covered with white paint.

At first, the church consisted of the five-domed church of Elijah the Prophet, surrounded by a two-tier gallery, and two aisles - the warm Pokrovsky, where services were held, and the patrons of the family hearth Samon, Aviv and Guria. In the basement of this chapel was the Skripin family tomb, the brothers Ioanikey and Vonifaty, his wife Julita, who survived her husband by 21 years, the third brother Ivan Skripin and his son Illarion are buried here.

Desiring with all their hearts to do good to their beloved Yaroslavl, the Skripins built the Church of Elijah the Prophet, sparing neither money nor effort. The brothers themselves supervised the construction work, supplied all the necessary utensils, including brocade fabrics, icons, bells, which they poured with their own money. Julita found artists for the church. She invited painters known at that time Sila Savin, Dmitry Semenov, Gury Nikitin, Fyodor Ignatiev.

Church of Elijah the Prophet (Yaroslavl): description

This church was built according to the Byzantine model of temple construction. In plan, it has the form of a cross, inside there are 4 support pillars connected by spring arches. The pillars divide the temple into several naves, the intersection of which determines where the domes are located. They are always open inside the halls and are located on special round bases called light (that is, with windows) drums, decorated with kokoshniks. In the church of Elijah the Prophet, built in a cross-domed style, the domes were replaced with onions, symbolizing the flame of a candle. There are five of them in total - one high in the center and four slightly lower on the sides. This symbolizes Jesus Christ with the four evangelists. The color of the bulbs is green. This also matters and suggests that the temple is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. The onions, like the entire covering of the church, are made of iron.

Galleries surround the temple from three sides. Each has a very beautiful porch on the arches. The porch on the western side is the main entrance to the temple.

The building of the church of Elijah the Prophet stands on the so-called basement, which is a basement where church utensils are stored.

interior

The frescoes of the Church of Elijah the Prophet in Yaroslavl immeasurably admire their splendor. In the central hall they are made in 6 tiers. The lowest one is ornamental, but it is also fabulously beautiful. In the second tier, you can see scenes from the life of the disciple of the prophet Elijah, Saint Elisha. Particularly prominent are the frescoes depicting the harvest, the birth of a baby who died almost immediately, and Saint Elisha resurrected him. The third tier is dedicated to the life and glorious deeds (medication, help, communication with the people) of the prophet Elijah himself. In the fourth tier, you can contemplate scenes from the life of the apostles, who are also engaged in charitable deeds. The artists dedicated the last two tiers to scenes from the Gospel.

The frescoes of the Church of Elijah the Prophet in Yaroslavl were created over several decades. Thus, the paintings of the galleries were completed by 1716. There are also many everyday scenes with the participation of saints helping ordinary people. All artwork has been preserved in its original form. Over the centuries, they have only been slightly restored. Especially often this had to be done in the warm Pokrovsky aisle due to the difference in temperatures inside and outside the building.

In addition to frescoes, the interior inside the church is extraordinarily decorated and complemented by wood carvings that border the royal gates, which are used to create iconostases and the canopy above the altar. Speaking about the church of Elijah the Prophet, one cannot fail to mention the master painter Fyodor Zubov, who painted many images of saints here after the fire of 1658.

Iconostases

The church of Elijah the Prophet (Yaroslavl) has five superbly executed iconostases. The photo shows what the central one looks like. It includes more than 100 icons created at different times and arranged in several tiers. At first, this iconostasis looked like 4 bars covered with silver paint and decorated with floral ornaments. Icons were placed on the beams. Approximately in 1696, the master Ilya Yakimov, by order of the clergy, made a new iconostasis, which we still admire to this day. His style is Moscow Boroque. There are six tiers with protruding carved cornices. The columns between the icons are also carved. They are made of wood, but so skillfully that it seems as if real vines twist and stretch upwards. Icons donated to the church by the Skripin brothers are placed in the central iconostasis. They had rich salaries inlaid with pearls and precious stones.

The iconostasis, located in the aisle of Varlaam Khutynsky, is much simpler, without beautiful carvings on the royal gates and columns that enclose the icons.

The iconostasis in the Pokrovsky aisle was first built according to the same principle as the central one, that is, it was on bars (table). Later it was changed to baroque. The same applies to the iconostasis in the chapel of Samon, Aviva and Guria.

Second birth

At the time of its foundation, there were not only wonderful interior, but also exterior paintings of the Church of Elijah the Prophet in Yaroslavl, which adorned its facades. Now this painting is lost, only a few elements remain. The Skripins bequeathed their lands and trading places for the maintenance of the church they built, but all their property went to the city authorities. Very little money was allocated for the temple, so it gradually collapsed. In 1896, the philanthropist and great connoisseur of art I. A. Vakhromeev, having received permission from the Synod, undertook to restore the Church of Elijah the Prophet with his own money. A lattice was built around it, made according to the project of Academician Pavlinov, the metal on the roof and domes was changed, new windows were inserted, the outer walls were plastered and painted, and a number of other works were completed. The restoration was completed in 1904.

After the revolution, they wanted to make a museum in the temple, then a warehouse, then they gathered and completely demolished it. The church was saved, risking their lives, by employees of the architecture sector and employees of the museum in Yaroslavl N. V. Kuznetsov, N. N. Pomerantsev and P. D. Baranovsky. Before the war, an atheistic museum was opened in the church building. From 1945 to 1955 museum funds were kept here. Restoring the Church of Elijah the Prophet after all the troubles she experienced began in 1956. Now it works all days of the week (except Wednesday) from 9 am to 7 pm.