Man is a reflection of two hypostases - biological and social. They are in dialectical unity and contradiction. This always happens when the biological state depends on the social, and the social, in turn, depends on the biological. Currently, it is customary to distinguish several components (types) in the concept of "health":

First level - biological health associated with the body and depends on the dynamic balance of the functions of all internal organs, their adequate response to the influence of the environment. In other words, it is the perfection of self-regulation in the body and maximum adaptation (in the biological sense) to the environment. Health at the biological level has two components:

Somatic health- the current state of the organs and systems of the human body, which is based on the biological program of individual development.

physical health- the level of growth and development of organs and systems of the body. It is based on morphological and functional reserves that provide adaptive responses.

Second level - mental health is connected with the personality and depends on the development of the emotional-volitional and motivational-need spheres of the personality, on the development of the personality's self-awareness and on the awareness of the value for the personality of one's own health and a healthy lifestyle. Mental health is a state of general mental comfort that provides an adequate behavioral response. Mental or mental health refers to the mind, intellect, emotions (psychological well-being, levels of anxiety and depression, control of emotions and behavior, cognitive functions).

The components of mental health are moral health- a complex of emotional-volitional and motivational-need properties of a person, a system of values, attitudes and motives for an individual's behavior in society. Moral health determines the spirituality of a person. As the Greeks said: healthy body- a healthy mind.

Third level - social health associated with the influence on the personality of other people, society as a whole and depends on the place and role of a person in interpersonal relations, on the moral health of society. social health- a measure of social activity and, above all, ability to work. This is a form of active, active attitude to the world. The social component of health is formed under the influence of parents, friends, classmates at school, fellow students at the university, work colleagues, housemates, etc. and reflects social connections, resources, interpersonal contacts.

The difference between mental and social health is conditional, the mental qualities of a person do not exist outside the system of social relations. Mentally healthy people feel quite confident and safe in any society. In a healthy society, as a rule, healthy individuals are formed. Deficiencies in education and adverse environmental influences can cause personality degradation. A person with a developed consciousness and self-awareness can withstand the effects of external conditions, struggle with difficulties and remain healthy physically, mentally and socially.

One of the unifying social and mental health is creative component of health . The presence of elements of creativity in the work is considered as a source of health. The more creativity, initiative is expressed in labor activity, personal abilities and knowledge are used, the more satisfaction it brings, the more noticeable its healing effect. And vice versa, the less work captivates a person with its content and method of performance, the lower the satisfaction from it, the sooner, through negative emotions, it can become a source of various diseases. The characteristics of work that affect health include: creativity, learning new things. Work can be a source of health promotion, because it gives a sense of belonging to society, a sense of need, value, the possibility of expressing one's abilities, revealing one's personality. The development of the spiritual world of a person, his creative abilities, creative attitude towards himself, relatives, work, and leisure is a strategic change in lifestyle towards individual health.

Health concepts

A concept is a set of basic ideas that make up a concept. For example, the concept of pedagogy - who to teach, what to teach and why to teach. There are several concepts of the concept of health, of which the concept of health balance and the adaptive concept of health are of the greatest interest.

Health balance concept suggested by Noack (1993) to describe that dynamic equilibrium that is maintained despite external challenges (the result of environmental or behavioral factors). It has two key dimensions of health: balance and health potential.

Health Potential- is the ability to interact with the environment to maintain or restore balance. It can mean immunological resistance to infections, physical norm, emotional stability, adequate knowledge about health, lifestyle, an effective way to cope with stress, etc.

Health balance- Expression of the momentary state of equilibrium between health potential and demand.

In addition, it introduces health resource- the amount of available funds to improve health potential. Health promotion - forces aimed at improving the balance system.

However, health potential is unknown prior to external exposure. Only the impact determines the capabilities of the organism. Therefore more vital adaptive health concept : the ability to adapt oneself and the environment.

Adaptation - component adaptive reactions of a biological system to a change in the conditions of the environment of existence. During adaptation, the system rebuilds, changes its structural connections to preserve the functions that ensure its existence as a whole in a changing environment. The ability to adapt is one of the properties and conditions for the development of a healthy person. As a universal fundamental property of living organisms, adaptation is the “whale” that, together with self-regulation, maintains the constancy of the internal environment and communicates with the external environment. There are two types of adaptive changes: urgent and cumulative (long-term).

Urgent adaptation characterized by continuously flowing adaptive changes that are not fixed, but disappear after the removal of exposure. The nature and intensity of the urgent adaptation (reaction) exactly corresponds to the nature and strength of the external stimulus, which do not exceed the physiological capabilities of the organism.

Cumulative adaptation is characterized by changes that occur in response to long-term, repeated external and internal influences.

The outcomes of adaptive behavior can be represented as stages:

1. The state of satisfactory adaptation.

2. The state of incomplete or partial adaptation.

3. The state of tension of regulatory mechanisms.

4. The state of unsatisfactory adaptation.

5. The state of the floor of adaptation mechanisms.

The formation of rigid adaptation mechanisms is accompanied not by a decrease, but by an increase in socio-psychological disturbing factors. Therefore, with age, the number of people with a breakdown in adaptation increases and the number of people with satisfactory adaptation to environmental conditions decreases. In addition to the age limit and rigidity of adaptation, the development of maladaptive processes is influenced by two factors: the lack of training of adaptation mechanisms by natural factors and the lack of demand for adaptive reserves due to comfortable living conditions. PK Anokhin noted that the reserves of adaptive capabilities in the body are always higher than their implementation. From these positions, health should be considered as a dynamic concept, characterized by individual, age and historical aspects.

Age aspect is determined by the specific features of biological and social adaptation characteristic of each stage of human age development. Each age stage should have its own health criteria specific to this age, its morphological and functional organization and social role.

IN historical aspect The development of production and production relations, culture and religion leads to the fact that the situation itself, the place of a person and his role in society change over time. In connection with the growth of the quality of life and comfort, to maintain his life, a person uses his functional reserves less and more - the achievements of his mind, which from generation to generation leads to a decrease in the functional reserve, the reserve of adaptation of the individual.

There are many definitions of this concept, the meaning of which is determined by the professional point of view of the authors. A-priory World Health Organization adopted in 1948: « health - it is a state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

From a physiological point of view, the following formulations are decisive:

Individual human health - the natural state of the body against the background of the absence of pathological changes, optimal communication with the environment, consistency of all functions;

Health is a harmonious set of structural and functional data of the body that are adequate to the environment and provide the body with optimal vital activity, as well as full-fledged labor activity;

Individual human health is a harmonious unity of various metabolic processes in the body, which creates conditions for the optimal functioning of all systems and subsystems of the body;

Health is a process of preservation and development of biological, physiological, psychological functions, ability to work and social activity of a person with the maximum duration of his active life.

Currently, it is customary to distinguish the following components of health (Petlenko V.I. and Davidenko D.N., 1998):

Somatic - the current state of organs and systems of organs of the human body.

Physical - the level of development and functional capabilities of organs and systems of the body. The basis of physical health is the morphological and functional reserves of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems that ensure the adaptation of the body to the effects of various factors.

Mental - the state of the mental sphere of a person. The basis of mental health is the state of general mental comfort, which provides adequate regulation of behavior.

Sexual - a complex of somatic, emotional, intellectual and social aspects of a person's sexual existence, positively enriching a person, increasing a person's sociability and his ability to love.

Moral - a set of characteristics of the motivational and need-information basis of human life. The basis of the moral component of human health is determined by the system of values, attitudes and motives of the individual's behavior in the social environment.

In a generalized and somewhat simplified form, the health criteria are: for somatic and physical health - I can; for mental health - I want; for moral health - I must.

Components of a healthy lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle includes the following main elements: a rational mode of work and rest, optimal motor mode, personal hygiene, eradication of bad habits, hardening, rational nutrition, etc.

Balanced diet . This component is considered as one of the most important criteria for a healthy lifestyle. Nutrition performs one of the most important functions in ensuring the vital activity of the human body.

Rational nutrition, built on scientific foundations, ensures the normal development of the body. It serves as a powerful prophylactic in preventing many diseases. The daily diet of a person must be strictly balanced. It must contain in sufficient quantity and optimal ratio all the substances necessary for the body (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. And for this it needs to be varied. It should include products of various groups: cereals, leguminous fruits, products of animal origin ( lean), vegetables and fruits.

People eat differently, but there are a number of requirements that everyone should take into account. First of all, food should contain in the right amount and in certain ratios all the main nutrients. Overeating should not be allowed: it leads to obesity. It is also very unhealthy to eat with the systematic introduction of exorbitant amounts of any one product or nutrients of one class (for example, abundant intake of fats or carbohydrates, increased consumption of table salt).

It is better for a healthy person to eat 3-4 times a day. It is harmful to read while eating, to solve complex and responsible tasks. You can’t rush, eat, burning yourself with cold food, swallow large pieces of food without chewing. Systematic dry food, without hot dishes, has a bad effect on the body. A person who neglects the diet, over time, is threatened by the development of such severe digestive diseases as, for example, peptic ulcer, etc.

Mode of work and rest - a necessary element of a healthy lifestyle for any person. With a correct and strictly observed regimen, a clear and necessary rhythm of the functioning of the body is developed, which creates optimal conditions for work and rest, and thereby promotes health.

A systematic, feasible, and well-organized process of mental labor has an extremely beneficial effect on the nervous system, heart and blood vessels, the musculoskeletal system - on the entire human body.

The alternation of physical and mental stress is good for health. A person who spends a lot of time indoors should spend at least part of their time outdoors. It is desirable for city dwellers to relax outdoors - on walks around the city and outside the city, in parks, stadiums, hiking on excursions, working in garden plots, etc. Constant training in the process of labor strengthens our body.

Rest after work does not mean a state of complete rest. Only with very great fatigue can we talk about passive rest. It is desirable that the nature of the rest be opposite to the nature of the work of a person (the "contrasting" principle of rest construction). During work, after every 50 minutes of concentrated work, rest for 10 minutes (do light gymnastics, ventilate the room, walk along the corridor or stairs), etc. It is necessary to avoid overwork and monotonous work.

Sleeping mode. Particular attention should be paid to sleep - the main and irreplaceable type of rest. Constant lack of sleep is dangerous because it can cause depletion of the nervous system, weakening of the body's defenses, decreased performance, deterioration of well-being.

The great Russian physiologist IP Pavlov pointed out that sleep is a kind of inhibition that protects the nervous system from excessive stress and fatigue. Sleep should be sufficiently long and deep. If a person sleeps little, then he gets up in the morning irritated, broken, and sometimes with a headache.

The average sleep rate is about 8 hours. Systematic lack of sleep leads to disruption of nervous activity, decreased performance, increased fatigue, irritability.

To create the conditions for a normal, sound and restful sleep, it is necessary for 1-1.5 hours. before sleep, stop strenuous mental work. Dinner should be no later than 2-2.5 hours. before sleep. You should sleep in a well-ventilated room, it’s good to accustom yourself to sleep with an open window, and in the warm season with an open window. In the room you need to turn off the lights and establish silence. It is advisable to go to bed at the same time - this helps to fall asleep quickly.

Physical education and sports are very useful not only for mental workers, but also for physical labor, since their work is often associated with the load of a particular muscle group, and not the entire muscle as a whole. Physical training strengthens and develops the skeletal muscles, the heart muscle, blood vessels, the respiratory system and many other organs, which greatly facilitates the work of the circulatory apparatus and has a beneficial effect on the nervous system.

For knowledge workers, systematic physical education and sports are of exceptional importance. It is known that even in a healthy and young person, if he is not trained, leads a “sedentary” lifestyle and does not engage in physical education, with the slightest physical exertion, breathing quickens and heartbeat appears. On the contrary, a trained person can easily cope with significant physical exertion. The strength and performance of the heart muscle, the main engine of blood circulation, is directly dependent on the strength and development of all muscles. Therefore, physical training, while developing the muscles of the body, at the same time strengthens the heart muscle. In people with underdeveloped muscles, the heart muscle is weak, which is revealed during any physical work.

Daily morning exercises are a mandatory minimum of physical training. It should become for everyone the same habit as washing in the morning. It is useful to go to work on foot in the morning and walk in the evening after work.

For people leading a "sedentary" lifestyle, physical exercises in the air (walking, walking) are especially important. Systematic walking has a beneficial effect on a person, improves well-being, increases efficiency. The load can be precisely dosed and gradually, systematically increased in pace and volume. Walks are best done according to the principle of cross-country walking: 0.5 -1 km with a walking slow step, then the same amount with a quick sports step, etc. In the absence of other physical activity, the daily minimum rate of exercise only by walking for a young man is 10-15 km, a smaller load is associated with the development of hypodynamia. Thus, daily exposure to fresh air for 1-1.5 hours is one of the important components of a healthy lifestyle.

Prevention of bad habits . The next link in a healthy lifestyle is the eradication of bad habits: smoking, alcohol, drugs. These violators of health are the cause of many diseases, drastically reduce life expectancy, reduce efficiency, and adversely affect the health of the younger generation and the health of their future children.

Many people begin their recovery with smoking cessation, which is considered one of the most dangerous habits of modern man. It is not for nothing that doctors believe that the most serious diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs are directly related to smoking. Smoking not only undermines health, but also takes strength in the most direct sense. As experts have established, after 5-9 minutes after smoking a cigarette alone, muscle strength decreases by 15%. Smoking and mental activity do not stimulate at all.

Smoking is a common cause of tumors in the mouth, larynx, bronchi and lungs. Constant and prolonged smoking leads to premature aging. Violation of tissue oxygen supply, spasm of small vessels make the appearance of a smoker characteristic (yellowish tint of the whites of the eyes, skin, premature fading), and changes in the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract affect his voice (loss of sonority, reduced timbre, hoarseness).

The next difficult task is to overcome drunkenness and alcoholism

It has been established that alcoholism has a destructive effect on all human systems and organs. As a result of the systematic consumption of alcohol, an addiction to it develops:

Loss of sense of proportion and control over the amount of alcohol consumed;

Violation of the activity of the central and peripheral nervous system (psychosis, neuritis, etc.) and the functions of internal organs. Changes in the psyche that occur even with episodic alcohol intake (excitement, loss of restraining influences, depression, etc.) determine the frequency of suicides committed while intoxicated.

Alcoholism has a particularly harmful effect on the liver: with prolonged systematic alcohol abuse, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver develops. Alcoholism is one of the common causes of pancreatic disease (pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus).

Alcoholism, like no other disease, causes a whole range of negative social consequences that go far beyond healthcare and concern, to one degree or another, all aspects of modern society. Alcoholism and related diseases are second only to cardiovascular disease and cancer as a cause of death.

hardening. For effective recovery and disease prevention, it is necessary to train and improve, first of all, the most valuable quality - endurance, combined with hardening and other components of a healthy lifestyle, which will provide a reliable shield against many diseases.

Various methods of hardening are widely known - from air baths to dousing with cold water. The usefulness of these procedures is beyond doubt. Since time immemorial, it has been known that walking barefoot is a wonderful hardening remedy. Winter swimming is the highest form of hardening. To achieve it, a person must go through all the stages of hardening.

The effectiveness of hardening increases with the use of special temperature effects and procedures. Everyone should know the basic principles of their correct application: systematic and consistent; taking into account individual characteristics, health status and emotional reactions to the procedure.

Hardening is a powerful healing tool. It allows you to avoid many diseases, prolong life for many years, maintain high performance. Hardening has a general strengthening effect on the body, increases the tone of the nervous system, improves blood circulation, and normalizes metabolism.

Personal hygiene - an important element of a healthy lifestyle. It includes a rational daily regimen, body care, clothing and footwear hygiene. Of particular importance is the mode of the day. With proper and strict observance of it, a clear rhythm of the functioning of the body is developed. And this, in turn, creates the best conditions for work and recovery.

Unequal conditions of life, work and life, individual differences of people do not allow recommending one variant of the daily regimen for everyone. However, its main provisions must be observed by everyone: the performance of various activities at a strictly defined time, the correct alternation of work and rest, regular meals.

Questions for the lecture Fundamentals of a healthy lifestyle».

1. What is health?

1. The state of physical, spiritual and social well-being;

2. Comfortable condition;

3. Absence of diseases;

4. Good health.

2 . What are the components of a healthy lifestyle?

1. Reception of energy cocktails;

2. Proper nutrition and daily routine;

3. Physical activity and the rejection of bad habits;

4. Hiking in a nightclub.

3 . What foods should be consumed daily?

1. Smoked sausage;

2. Vegetables, fruits and meat products;

3. Sweets;

4. Cereals and dairy products.

The ratio of social and biological in a person is the main thing in understanding the nature of health. Currently, there are several components (levels) in the concept of "health":

The first level is biological health . This is the perfection of self-regulation in the body and maximum adaptation to the environment. Health at this level has two components:

a) somatic health - the current state of organs and systems of the human body; it is based on the biological program of individual development;

b) physical health - the level of growth and development of organs and systems of the body; it is based on reserves that provide adaptive responses.

The second level is mental health . This is a state of general mental comfort that provides an adequate behavioral response. The components of mental health include moral health - it is a complex of emotional-volitional and motivational-need properties of a person, a system of values, attitudes and motives for an individual's behavior.

Moral health determines the spirituality of a person. The Greeks said: Mens sana in corpora est - "A healthy mind in a healthy body."

The third level is social health. This is a measure of social activity and, above all, ability to work, a form of an active, active attitude to the world. Social health develops under the influence of parents, friends, classmates at school, classmates at the university, work colleagues, housemates, etc. Social health reflects the social policy of the state, social ties, resources, interpersonal contacts.

predisease

The transition from health to illness is not sudden. Between these states there are a number of transitional stages that do not cause a pronounced decrease in social and labor activity and subjective need for medical care in a person.

Galen pointed to the existence of three states: health, transitional state and illness. Health is a dynamic process in human life. With a decrease in its quantity, a third state develops (premorbid or pre-illness).

third state- this is a condition in which the development of a pathological process is possible without changing the strength of the acting factor due to a decrease in adaptation reserves.

predisease - this is a latent, latent period of the disease or the stage of the functional readiness of the body for the development of a certain disease.

Avicenna said: “The body is healthy, but not to the limit; the body is not healthy, but no more”, i.e. It's not a disease, but it's not a health either.

Signs of pre-illness: general malaise, loss of appetite / overeating, heartburn, constipation / diarrhea, belching, menstrual irregularities, loss of sexual desire, headaches, discomfort in the heart, muscle pain, nervous tic, increased sweating, tearfulness for no reason, back pain, dizziness, anxiety, anxiety, insomnia/drowsiness, constant feeling of fatigue, chronic irritability, etc.

During the period of the third state, a person has all the resources to get out of the pre-morbid phase by revising his lifestyle. If (due to the unwillingness or ignorance of a person) the pressure on the normative limits of adaptation continues to increase, then the reserve capabilities of the protective systems are exhausted. When the adaptive reserves of health are depleted, a transition from quantitative accumulations to a qualitative change occurs, which is called a disease. The French doctor René Lariche has wise words: “Illness is a drama in two acts, of which the first is played out in the gloomy silence of tissues, with the lights extinguished. When there is pain or other discomfort, it is almost always the second act.”

In the "third" state, people can be for years and even a lifetime.

Disease

There are many definitions of the concept of disease: disruption of normal life activity, disruption of adaptation to the environment (disadaptation), disruption of the functions of the body or its parts, the body’s connections with the external environment, disruption of homeostasis (the constancy of the internal environment of the body), the inability to fully perform human functions, etc.

There are many theories of the origin of diseases:

1) social - the disease is the result of social maladjustment;

2) energy - the disease occurs due to an imbalance in the energy of the human

which organism;

3) biological - the basis of the disease is a violation of the conformity of biological

organic rhythms of the body with natural rhythms, etc.

According to the WHO definition disease - this is life, disturbed in its course by damage to the structure and functions of the body under the influence of external and internal factors during the mobilization of its compensatory-adaptive mechanisms.

Illness, as well as health, in addition to the biological, includes a social aspect. The social aspect is manifested in the violation of self-regulation of human behavior. That is, a disease is a process in the form of clinical (pathological) manifestations in the state of the body, which is reflected in the socio-economic status of a person. Therefore, getting sick is not only unhealthy, but also expensive from an economic point of view.

The disease is characterized by a general or particular decrease in adaptability to the environment and restrictions on the patient's freedom of life.

The disease occurs when exposed to harmful factors (pathogenic agents), when the force of their impact exceeds the body's defenses. But the pathogenic agent, having a damaging effect, simultaneously contributes to the mobilization of its protective and adaptive reactions. Thus, the disease is characterized by a combination of two processes - damage and protection. (For example, during inflammation, along with tissue damage, bacteria and toxins are fixed in the inflammatory focus, blood flow to the inflammation focus is increased, and cell function is activated, which, as it were, cleanse the affected tissue of decay products and contribute to its rapid recovery).

The disease proceeds through several stages:

1. Hidden (latent) stage- this is the time from the moment of the damaging effect to the first clinical manifestations. Duration ranges from a few moments (with trauma) to several years (with leprosy).

2. The stage of the height of the disease- this is a manifestation of symptoms typical for this disease. It has the following forms: a) an erased form - the main symptoms of the disease appear indistinctly; b) abortive form - the symptoms may disappear before reaching full development.

3. Final (initial) stage- characterized by complete or incomplete recovery, the development of persistent changes in any organ or organ system, causing the transition of the disease into a chronic form. This stage is sharp, sudden (crisis) and gradual.

According to the duration of the course of the disease, they are divided into acute and chronic. The first do not last long, and the chronic ones take a longer period of time and drag on for many months, years, decades.

All diseases are also divided into infectious (contagious) and non-infectious (non-contagious).

The most important value for a person is health. In biomedical literature, various definitions of health are given, each of which emphasizes the importance of one or another aspect in the complex characterization of this state of the body. From the definitions of the concept of health, it is obvious that it reflects the quality of the body's adaptation to environmental conditions and represents the result of the process of interaction between a person and the environment. It is also obvious that the state of health is formed as a result of the interaction of exogenous (natural and social) and endogenous factors (heredity, constitution, sex, age).

Health is a multicomponent concept. It is advisable to highlight the following components of health.

Somatic health is the current state of organs and organ systems of the human body. The basis of somatic health is the biological program of individual human development. This development program is mediated by the basic needs that dominate in him at various stages of ontogeny. Basic needs, on the one hand, serve as a trigger for human development (the formation of his somatic health), and on the other hand, they ensure the individualization of this process.

Physical health is an essential component in the complex structure of human health. It is due to the properties of the organism as a complex biological system. As a biological system, the body has integral qualities that its individual constituent elements (cells, tissues, organs and organ systems) do not possess.

These elements, out of connection with each other, cannot support individual existence.

In addition, the body has the ability to maintain individual existence through self-organization. The manifestations of self-organization include the ability to self-renewal, self-regulation and self-healing.

Self-renewal is associated with the constant mutual exchange of the body with the external environment of matter, energy and information. The human body is an open system. In the process of self-renewal, the body maintains its orderliness and prevents its destruction.

Physical health is determined by the body's ability to self-regulate. Perfect coordination of all functions is a consequence of the fact that a living organism is a self-regulating system. Self-regulation is the essence of the biological form of development, that is, life. This common property of biological systems allows you to set and maintain at a certain, relatively constant level certain physiological, biochemical or other biological indicators (constants), for example, the constancy of body temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose, etc.

In fact, physical health is a state of the human body, characterized by the ability to adapt to various environmental factors, the level of physical development, the physical and functional readiness of the body to perform physical activity.

The main factors of human physical health include:

• 1) the level of physical development,
• 2) the level of physical fitness,
• 3) the level of functional readiness of the body to perform physical activity,
• 4) the level and ability to mobilize the adaptive reserves of the body, ensuring its adaptation to the effects of various environmental factors.

Mental health is the state of a person's mental sphere. The basis of mental health is the state of general mental comfort, which provides adequate regulation of behavior.

Reproductive health is a component of health that determines the reproductive function of the body.

Moral health is a set of characteristics of the motivational and need-informational basis of human life. The basis of the moral component of human health is determined by the system of values, attitudes and motives of the individual's behavior in the social environment.

Occupational health is a condition that determines efficiency professional activity person.

It is quite obvious that the level of human health as a result of its interaction with environment fluctuates constantly; health is a dynamic attribute of a person's life: when he falls ill, his health level drops (sometimes to zero - death), when a person recovers, his health level rises. The concepts of health and disease are closely related to each other. It would seem that they are opposite: good health - the absence of disease and vice versa. However, everything is much more complicated. It is difficult to measure illness and health, it is almost impossible to draw a line between them. Absolute health and absolute illness are unthinkable; there are various forms of connections and mutual transitions between them.

Practical medicine distinguishes three main human conditions:

• 1. Health - the state of optimal stability of the organism (satisfactory adaptation);
• 2. Predisease - a condition with the possible development of a pathological process in the body and a decrease in adaptation reserves;
• 3. Disease - a process that manifests itself in the form of clinical (pathological) changes in the state of the human body (failure of adaptation).

Health can be considered as a biosocial potential of human life. The following potential components can be distinguished.

The potential of the mind (the intellectual aspect of health) is the ability of a person to develop the intellect and be able to use it.

Will potential (personal aspect of health) - a person's ability to self-realization; the ability to set goals and achieve them by choosing adequate means.

The potential of feelings (the emotional aspect of health) is the ability of a person to congruently express his feelings, understand and accept the feelings of others without judgement.

The potential of the body (the physical aspect of health) is the ability to develop the physical component of health, to "realize" one's own physicality as a property of the individual.

Social potential (social aspect of health) - the ability of a person to optimally adapt to social conditions, the desire to constantly improve the level of communicative competence, develop a sense of belonging to all of humanity.

Creative potential (the creative aspect of health) is a person's ability to creative activity, to express themselves creatively in life, going beyond limiting knowledge.

Spiritual potential (spiritual aspect of health) - the ability to develop the spiritual nature of a person.

The essence of health is the vitality of the individual, and it is desirable to quantify the level of this vitality.

The most important value for a person is health.

The ancient thinker Herodotus wrote: “When there is no health, wisdom is silent, art cannot flourish, strength does not play, wealth is useless and the mind is powerless.”

In 1975, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

According to professors V.P. Petlenko and D.N. Davidenko (2001), today there are about 100 definitions of the concept of "health". Summarizing them, scientists concluded that health reflects the quality of the body's adaptation to environmental conditions and represents the result of the process of interaction between a person and the environment. In addition, the state of health is also formed as a result of the interaction of exogenous (natural, social) and endogenous (heredity, constitution, gender, age) factors.

It is currently accepted to distinguish several components of health:

Somatic (physical) health- the current state of the organs and systems of the human body, as well as the level of their structural and functional reserves.

The basis of somatic health is the biological program of individual human development. This development program is determined by the basic needs that dominate in humans at various stages of ontogenesis. Basic needs, on the one hand, serve as a trigger for human development (the formation of his somatic health), and on the other hand, ensure the individualization of this process. The basis of physical health is manifested in the morphological and functional reserves of cells, tissues, organs and systems that ensure the adaptation of the body to the effects of various factors.

mental health- the state of the mental sphere of a person.

The basis of mental health is the state of general mental comfort, which provides adequate regulation of behavior. This state is determined by the needs of both biological and social nature, as well as the possibilities of their satisfaction. Proper formation and satisfaction of basic needs is the basis of normal human mental health.

sexual health- a complex of somatic, emotional, intellectual and social aspects of a person's sexual existence, positively enriching a person, increasing a person's sociability and his ability to love.

The foundation of sexual health is defined by:

The ability to enjoy and control sexual and childbearing behavior in accordance with the norms of social and personal ethics;

Freedom from fear, shame and guilt, misconceptions and other psychological factors that inhibit sexual response and disrupt sexual relationships;

The absence of organic disorders, diseases that interfere with the implementation of sexual and reproductive functions.

moral health is a complex of characteristics of the motivational and need-informational basis of human life.

The basis of the moral component of human health is determined by the system of values, attitudes and motives of the individual's behavior in the social environment. This component is associated with the universal truths of goodness, love and beauty, primarily internal. The moral component of health is determined by the conformity of the nature of human life with universal laws (for example, the law of the priority of reason over force: do not use force where you can achieve reason).

Separately, such components of health can be distinguished, such as social, reproductive, professional health, etc.

Considering the types of health, it should be noted that in a simplified (and at the same time generalizing) form, we can assume that health criteria are:

For physical health - "I can";

For mental health - "I want";

For moral health - "I must."

Thus, we can conclude that essence of health is the vitality of the individual.

The level of this viability, according to scientists, should be quantified. In this sense, of particular interest is the quantitative assessment of health, which was first noticed by the famous surgeon Academician N.M. Amosov. He wrote: “Health is the maximum performance of organs while maintaining the qualitative limits of their functions” (Davidenko D.N., 2001).

It is quite obvious that the level of health as a result of interaction with the environment is constantly fluctuating. Health is a dynamic attribute of a person's life: when he falls ill, his level of health drops (sometimes to zero, which means death); when a person recovers, the level of his health increases (however, a person never reaches perfect health).

Considering the relationship between the processes of health and disease, one should emphasize the validity of the postulate of domestic medicine, which states that "absolute health and absolute disease are unthinkable - there are various conditions between them."

Practical medicine distinguishes three main human conditions:

Health- the state of optimal resistance of the body to the action of pathogenic factors; physical, mental and social adaptability to changing living conditions;

predisease- a condition in which the development of a pathological process is possible, but without a change in the strength of the negatively acting factor due to a decrease in adaptation mechanisms;

Disease- a condition in which pathological processes actively develop in the body.